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2024-09-13T15:46:56Z

Admin: Removed redirect to Home

Welcome to '''''Roots Unearthed'''''!

This website is dedicated to tracing and documenting the lives and details of the '''FORREST''' lines descended from [[William FORREST (c1690-c1760)|William FORREST of Overgrange]].

I started researching my '''FORREST''' line in 2007 and have met a few, but not many, fellow family historians who share the same '''FORREST''' ancestor. I have uncovered some interesting characters and have been aided greatly by the research and evidence provided to me by '''Robert Forrest''' of Seattle, USA.

'''William FORREST''' of Grange, or Overgrange, in West Calder, Midlothian, Scotland born circa 1690 is the earliest we can trace the '''FORREST''' line back as there is little solid evidence to go further back.

As a result, I have decided to create this website to document all the '''FORREST''' ancestors of William, and enable long lost cousins to expand and update their lines.

:[[Descendants of William FORREST (c1690)|Click here for the Descendants Tree of William FORREST]]

Below are some of the more interesting descendants:
:[[James FORREST (1715-Unknown)]] - a farmer known for his bad temper and the mistreating of his son.
:[[David FORREST (1723-1776)]] - a controversial Minister who wrote his own Memoirs which were published after his death in 1778.
:[[John FORREST (1761-1822)]] - a Doctor in Stirling who was a member of the ''Friends of the People''.
:[[William Hutton FORREST (1799-1879)]] - another Doctor in Stirling (who served as an apprentice to the above John FORREST).
:[[John FORREST (1804-1865)]] - an Honorary Physician to the Queen who in his youth was convicted of grave-robbing.
:[[John FORREST (1841-1910)]] - a Magistrate who once held a fete in the grounds of his house in which three people were killed by lightning.
:[[John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)]] - a Minister who suddenly became delusional and spent 11 years in an asylum before committing suicide.
:[[Charles Evelyn FORREST (1876-1915)]] - a highly decorated Army Captain who was killed in the 1st World War.

Happy Browsing!

'''''Giles Forrest'''''

Main Page

2024-09-13T15:38:23Z

Admin: Admin moved page Main Page to Home

#REDIRECT [[Home]]

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:10:47Z

Admin: /* Ecclesiastical Career */

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John Forrest]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from this irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=400
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:10:36Z

Admin: /* Life at Chiswick House */

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John Forrest]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from this irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=400
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:09:01Z

Admin:

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John Forrest]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from this irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:08:19Z

Admin: /* Ecclesiastical Career */

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John Forrest]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from this irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:05:39Z

Admin:

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John Forrest]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and notable self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from his ascetic and irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:05:13Z

Admin:

'''John Graham Forrest''' (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and notable self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from his ascetic and irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:04:30Z

Admin: /* Probate and Legacy */

John Graham Forrest (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and notable self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from his ascetic and irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest (photo 2015), Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:02:58Z

Admin: /* Life at Chiswick House */

John Graham Forrest (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and notable self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from his ascetic and irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|align = left|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest, Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham (taken 15th Nov 2015)]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

John Graham FORREST (1875-1921)

2024-09-09T22:01:53Z

Admin: /* Ecclesiastical Career */

John Graham Forrest (April 20, 1875 – October 20, 1921) was a British clergyman of the Church of England whose life was marked by religious devotion, musical talent, and a long battle with mental illness. After a promising start to his ecclesiastical career, Forrest's mental health struggles led to over a decade of institutionalization, culminating in his tragic death by suicide in 1921. His life illustrates both the evolving practices and limitations of early 20th-century mental health care in Britain, particularly at Chiswick House, a progressive psychiatric institution where he spent much of his later life.

== Early Life and Education ==

John Graham Forrest was born on 20th April, 1875, at 15 Royal Parade, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire<ref>[[General Register Office, Births, Cheltenham, GRO Ref. 1875/Q2/6A/437]]</ref>. His father, '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', had accumulated significant wealth in the East Indies through the sugar trade, allowing him to retire in his late thirties. His mother, '''Eveline Forrest (née Rodger)''', also came from a wealthy family. As a result, Forrest grew up in a privileged and affluent household, where the family employed numerous servants<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2574/23/9]]</ref>, and he and his siblings were educated at prestigious schools.

Forrest was born during the tail end of the Victorian era, a period marked by strict social values, religious devotion, and a moral code that shaped British society. These values were likely ingrained in his upbringing, contributing to his later devotion to the Church of England.

As a child, Forrest showed promise as a musician and regularly performed in local musical recitals. These early performances, where he played piano or took part in duets, laid the foundation for his lifelong connection to music.

Forrest attended Uppingham School<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/2549/13/20]]</ref> from 1889 to 1893<ref>Uppingham School Roll, 1824-1905 – Uppingham School (1906) p263</ref>. In 1893, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied Modern History<ref>The Oxford and Cambridge Yearbook (1904) p214</ref>. He graduated in 1897 with a third-class degree and went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1900.

== Ecclesiastical Career ==

[[image:St Mary's Church, Rushden.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Mary's Church, Rushden]]

After obtaining his BA, to further his preparation for a clerical career, Forrest enrolled at Wells Theological College in Somerset.

In 1898 he was appointed as a curate at St Mary’s Church in Rushden, Northamptonshire<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG13/1441/94/36]]</ref>. Forrest’s involvement with the Rushden community was extensive, leading a life marked by hard work and notable self-denial, giving up his income for the relieving of others, and possibly suffering in health from his ascetic and irregular mode of life. He was ordained as a Deacon the same year in a ceremony held at Peterborough Cathedral and as a priest a year after.

In 1905, following the departure of Rev. W. R. Morse, Forrest was set to be inducted as vicar, but shortly before the appointment, he suffered a sudden breakdown. He became dull, depressed, and full of self-accusations about his moral character. He also developed animosity toward his father. Though well-regarded by his parishioners, his mental health left him unable to accept the role of rector.

== Health Decline and Treatment ==

Between 1905 and 1909, Forrest sought treatment from doctors in Bognor, Crowborough, Nottingham, and Aylesbury. He then went as a paying guest to Dr. Segundo in London and for the last 9 months of 1908 stayed with Dr. Elliot in Gloucester Place. During this period, Forrest was said to have behaved naturally in manner, went about by himself, conducted business, attended church and theatres, and was even believed to have done some literary work. However, he was described as irritable in temper and showed no desire to resume his clerical work.

In February 1909, Forrest visited his father and became troubled by family affairs, and his health deteriorated, becoming restless at night to the point of eventually suffering from a severe breakdown<ref>[[Medical Notes of John Graham Forrest, Chiswick Asylum (1884-1925) – Wellcome Library, London Ref MSS.6222-6227]]</ref>. He was admitted to Chiswick House<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG14/6933/128/5/6/185]]</ref>, a private asylum known for its progressive approach to mental health care.

== Life at Chiswick House ==

{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=500
| image1 = Chiswick_House.jpg
| image2 = Chiswick_House_3.jpg
| image3 = Chiswick_House_4.jpg
| image4 = Chiswick_House_2.jpg
| footer = Views of Chiswick House, c1890
}}

Managed by Dr. Thomas Seymour Tuke and Dr. Charles Tuke, Chiswick House advocated "moral treatment"—a compassionate approach to mental illness that emphasized kindness, minimal restraint, and engagement in activities. The institution catered to wealthier individuals, and its care would have been costly for Forrest and his family. Dr Thomas Tuke’s obituary stated that ''“his personal tact with patients led to them looking upon him as a trusted friend even more than a Doctor”'' and Dr Charles’ obituary noted that ''“he worked to make the atmosphere of Chiswick House that of a private country house, and to disassociate it from all appearance of an institution”''<ref>Chiswick House & The Tukes 1892 – 1928 – Pamela Bater (unpublished note) (2004)</ref>.

At Chiswick House, Forrest experienced periods of improvement and lucidity. He was encouraged to engage in daily activities, such as playing the piano, walking in the gardens, and taking short leaves to visit friends and family. The Tuke brothers' treatment philosophy emphasized humane care, and Forrest, like other patients, was given more freedom than was typical in other institutions. He often played chess, read, and composed music, which provided some comfort during his more stable periods.

Forrest was also treated with medications like grey powder and calomel, both mercury-based compounds commonly used at the time to treat constipation (a common side effect of depression) and other ailments. However, these medications often had severe side effects, due to mercury toxicity, affecting the stomach, kidneys, and brain.

In spite of the therapeutic approach, Forrest’s mental condition remained fragile. He suffered from a variety of delusions, including believing that his father had hired detectives to follow and monitor him. He also heard accusatory voices, convinced he was guilty of immoral behaviour. Forrest became fixated on the idea that he was responsible for the misfortunes of others, including the decline of church congregations and the illness of those around him.

== Family Losses and Personal Struggles ==

Forrest's family life was marked by several significant losses during his institutionalization. His father passed away in 1910, but this loss did not seem to greatly affect Forrest, as he had long harboured feelings of animosity toward him. In 1914, his brother George died of tuberculosis, followed by the death of his brother Charles, who was killed in action during World War I in 1915. These events affected Forrest, who believed he was responsible for many of his family’s misfortunes. Despite the compassionate care he received at Chiswick House, his mental health did not improve substantially over the years, and he remained deeply troubled.

== Final Years and Death ==

In August 1921, after more than a decade of institutionalization, Forrest was granted temporary leave from Chiswick House and went to stay with Dr. John Lidderdale at The Clevelands in Prestbury, Gloucestershire. During this period, Forrest appeared to improve; he enjoyed walks, visited local historical sites such as Tewkesbury Abbey, and played the piano. However, his mental health remained precarious, and he continued to suffer from delusions.

A few days before his death, Forrest received an envelope from Chiswick House that indicated he would need to return to the institution if an extension wasn't granted. The prospect of returning deeply unsettled him. On 20th October, 1921, Forrest left The Clevelands, telling the staff that he would miss lunch but be back for dinner. That evening, his body was found in the River Severn, near the Lower Lode Hotel in Tewkesbury<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Tewkesbury, GRO Ref. 1921/Q4/6A/509]]</ref>. His hat and walking stick were found on the riverbank, and footprints led directly into the water.

An inquest into his death on the 24th October ruled that Forrest had committed suicide whilst of unsound mind. It was believed that his fear of returning to Chiswick House, where he thought he would never be allowed to leave again, drove him to take his own life. Unfortunately, at the time of the tragedy, Mr Forrest's solicitor was in London seeing the medical superintendent of the asylum, who, whilst could not discharge Forrest as "absolutely cured", had agreed to give discharge him as "relieved". Had Forrest known of this at the time the tragedy might not have happened.

== Probate and Legacy ==

[[image:John_Graham_Forrest_Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of John Graham Forrest, Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham (taken 15th Nov 2015)]]

Following his death, Forrest’s estate was valued at £31,504. In his will, he bequeathed the pearls left to him by his mother to his brother, Guy Archibald Forrest, his only remaining immediate family member, and instructed that flowers be placed on his mother’s grave at specific times each year. Consistent with his ascetic nature, Forrest requested that no monument or memorial be erected in his honour<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of John Graham Forrest (14th March 1922)]]</ref>. He was buried on October 25, 1921 and his memory lives on as his family did erect a memorial in his memory. His death marked the end of a life defined by devotion to faith and a profound struggle with mental illness.

== References ==

<references />

MediaWiki:Common.css

2024-09-09T22:01:14Z

Admin:

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/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
border-color: #fc3;
background-color: #fef6e7;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views. */
#mw-subcategories,
#mw-pages,
#mw-category-media,
#filehistory,
#wikiPreview,
#wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Styling for tags in changes pages */
.mw-tag-markers {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in
[[MediaWiki:Group-checkuser.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter-helper.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-patroller.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-extendedmover.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-extendedconfirmed.css]], and [[Mediawiki:Group-autoconfirmed.css]]. */
.checkuser-show,
.sysop-show,
.abusefilter-show,
.abusefilter-helper-show,
.patroller-show,
.templateeditor-show,
.extendedmover-show,
.extendedconfirmed-show,
.autoconfirmed-show,
.user-show {
display: none;
}

/* Hide the redlink generated by {{Editnotice}},
this overrides the ".sysop-show { display: none; }" above that applies
to the same link as well. See [[phab:T45013]]

Hide the images in editnotices to keep them readable in VE view.
Long term, editnotices should become a core feature so that they can be designed responsive. */
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .editnotice-redlink,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-image,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-imageright {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors > li {
list-style: none;
}

/* larger inline math */
span.mwe-math-mathml-inline {
font-size: 118%;
}

/* Make <math display="block"> be left aligned with one space indent for
* compatibility with style conventions
*/
.mwe-math-fallback-image-display,
.mwe-math-mathml-display {
margin-left: 1.6em !important;
margin-top: 0.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
}

.mwe-math-mathml-display math {
display: inline;
}

@media screen {
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency,
* except on main, user, and portal namespaces
*/
body:not(.ns-0):not(.ns-2):not(.ns-100) .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #fff url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png) repeat;
}

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" in skins that support it,
do not apply to print mode */
#siteSub {
display: block;
}
}

/* Hide FlaggedRevs notice UI when there are no pending changes */
.flaggedrevs_draft_synced,
.flaggedrevs_stable_synced,
/* "Temporary" to remove links in sidebar T255381 */
#t-upload,
/* Hide broken download box on Special:Book pending T285400 */
.mw-special-Book #coll-downloadbox {
display: none;
}

/*
* BELOW HERE THERE BE SOONTOBE TEMPLATESTYLES THINGS;
* SEE [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]]
*/

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
border-spacing: 3px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
color: black;
/* @noflip */
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
/* @noflip */
float: right;
/* @noflip */
clear: right;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
/* @noflip */
text-align: right;
}

/* Normal font styling for wikitable row headers with scope="row" tag */
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup] {
font-weight: normal;
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 118%;
line-height: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
background-image: none;
}
}

/* Put anything you mean to be a sitewide addition above the TemplateStyles
* comment above.
*/

MediaWiki:Common.css

2024-09-09T22:00:57Z

Admin:

/*
* This is the CSS common to all desktop skins on en.Wikipedia.
* Styling inside .mw-parser-output should generally use TemplateStyles.
*/
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */
cite,
dfn {
font-style: inherit;
}

/* Straight quote marks for <q> */
q {
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";
}

/* Avoid collision of blockquote with floating elements by swapping margin and padding */
blockquote {
overflow: hidden;
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0 40px;
}

body { font-size: Larger; }

/* Consistent size for , and */
small {
font-size: 85%;
}

.mw-body-content sub,
.mw-body-content sup {
font-size: 80%;
}

/* Same spacing for indented and unindented paragraphs on talk pages */
.ns-talk .mw-body-content dd {
margin-top: 0.4em;
margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

/* Reduce page jumps by hiding collapsed/dismissed content */
.client-js .collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible).collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),

/* Avoid FOUC/reflows on collapsed elements. */
/* This copies MediaWiki's solution for T42812 to apply to innercollapse/outercollapse (T325115). */
/* TODO: Use :is() selector at some reasonable future when support is good for Most Clients */
/* Reference: https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/+/ecda06cb2aef55b77c4b4d7ecda492d634419ead/resources/src/jquery/jquery.makeCollapsible.styles.less#75 */
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > p,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > table,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > thead + tbody,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) tr:not( :first-child ),
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) .mw-collapsible-content,

/* Hide charinsert base for those not using the gadget */
#editpage-specialchars {
display: none;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller
* Keep in sync with Template:Refbegin/styles.css
* And Template:Reflist/styles.css
*/
ol.references {
font-size: 90%;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Cite customizations for Parsoid
* Once everything uses the one true parser these are just customizations
*/
span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ] {
counter-reset: mw-ref-linkback 0;
}

span[ rel='mw:referencedBy' ] > a::before {
content: counter( mw-ref-linkback, lower-alpha );
font-size: 80%;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
}

a[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
font-weight: bold;
content: "^";
}

span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
content: "^ ";
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=decimal]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, decimal ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-greek]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-greek ) ']';
}

/* Styling for jQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */
.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsible-toggle:not(.mw-ui-button) {
font-weight: normal;
padding-right: 0.2em;
padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle .mw-collapsible-toggle {
/* @noflip */
float: left;
}

/* Lists in wikitable data cells are always left-aligned */
.wikitable td ul,
.wikitable td ol,
.wikitable td dl {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Change the external link icon to a PDF icon for all PDF files */
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF#"].external {
background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Icon_pdf_file.png") no-repeat right;
/* @noflip */
padding: 8px 18px 8px 0;
}

/* System messages styled similarly to fmbox */
/* for .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, behavior of this line differs between
* the edit-protected notice and the special:Contribs for blocked users
* The latter has specificity of 3 classes so we have to triple up here.
*/
.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #bb7070;
background-color: #ffdbdb;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
border-color: #fc3;
background-color: #fef6e7;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views. */
#mw-subcategories,
#mw-pages,
#mw-category-media,
#filehistory,
#wikiPreview,
#wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Styling for tags in changes pages */
.mw-tag-markers {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in
[[MediaWiki:Group-checkuser.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter-helper.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-patroller.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-extendedmover.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-extendedconfirmed.css]], and [[Mediawiki:Group-autoconfirmed.css]]. */
.checkuser-show,
.sysop-show,
.abusefilter-show,
.abusefilter-helper-show,
.patroller-show,
.templateeditor-show,
.extendedmover-show,
.extendedconfirmed-show,
.autoconfirmed-show,
.user-show {
display: none;
}

/* Hide the redlink generated by {{Editnotice}},
this overrides the ".sysop-show { display: none; }" above that applies
to the same link as well. See [[phab:T45013]]

Hide the images in editnotices to keep them readable in VE view.
Long term, editnotices should become a core feature so that they can be designed responsive. */
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .editnotice-redlink,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-image,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-imageright {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors > li {
list-style: none;
}

/* larger inline math */
span.mwe-math-mathml-inline {
font-size: 118%;
}

/* Make <math display="block"> be left aligned with one space indent for
* compatibility with style conventions
*/
.mwe-math-fallback-image-display,
.mwe-math-mathml-display {
margin-left: 1.6em !important;
margin-top: 0.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
}

.mwe-math-mathml-display math {
display: inline;
}

@media screen {
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency,
* except on main, user, and portal namespaces
*/
body:not(.ns-0):not(.ns-2):not(.ns-100) .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #fff url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png) repeat;
}

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" in skins that support it,
do not apply to print mode */
#siteSub {
display: block;
}
}

/* Hide FlaggedRevs notice UI when there are no pending changes */
.flaggedrevs_draft_synced,
.flaggedrevs_stable_synced,
/* "Temporary" to remove links in sidebar T255381 */
#t-upload,
/* Hide broken download box on Special:Book pending T285400 */
.mw-special-Book #coll-downloadbox {
display: none;
}

/*
* BELOW HERE THERE BE SOONTOBE TEMPLATESTYLES THINGS;
* SEE [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]]
*/

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
border-spacing: 3px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
color: black;
/* @noflip */
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
/* @noflip */
float: right;
/* @noflip */
clear: right;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
/* @noflip */
text-align: right;
}

/* Normal font styling for wikitable row headers with scope="row" tag */
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup] {
font-weight: normal;
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 118%;
line-height: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
background-image: none;
}
}

/* Put anything you mean to be a sitewide addition above the TemplateStyles
* comment above.
*/

MediaWiki:Common.css

2024-09-09T22:00:07Z

Admin:

/*
* This is the CSS common to all desktop skins on en.Wikipedia.
* Styling inside .mw-parser-output should generally use TemplateStyles.
*/
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */
cite,
dfn {
font-style: inherit;
}

/* Straight quote marks for <q> */
q {
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";
}

/* Avoid collision of blockquote with floating elements by swapping margin and padding */
blockquote {
overflow: hidden;
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0 40px;
}

body { font-size: 12px; }

/* Consistent size for , and */
small {
font-size: 85%;
}

.mw-body-content sub,
.mw-body-content sup {
font-size: 80%;
}

/* Same spacing for indented and unindented paragraphs on talk pages */
.ns-talk .mw-body-content dd {
margin-top: 0.4em;
margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

/* Reduce page jumps by hiding collapsed/dismissed content */
.client-js .collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible).collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),

/* Avoid FOUC/reflows on collapsed elements. */
/* This copies MediaWiki's solution for T42812 to apply to innercollapse/outercollapse (T325115). */
/* TODO: Use :is() selector at some reasonable future when support is good for Most Clients */
/* Reference: https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/+/ecda06cb2aef55b77c4b4d7ecda492d634419ead/resources/src/jquery/jquery.makeCollapsible.styles.less#75 */
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > p,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > table,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > thead + tbody,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) tr:not( :first-child ),
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) .mw-collapsible-content,

/* Hide charinsert base for those not using the gadget */
#editpage-specialchars {
display: none;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller
* Keep in sync with Template:Refbegin/styles.css
* And Template:Reflist/styles.css
*/
ol.references {
font-size: 90%;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Cite customizations for Parsoid
* Once everything uses the one true parser these are just customizations
*/
span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ] {
counter-reset: mw-ref-linkback 0;
}

span[ rel='mw:referencedBy' ] > a::before {
content: counter( mw-ref-linkback, lower-alpha );
font-size: 80%;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
}

a[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
font-weight: bold;
content: "^";
}

span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
content: "^ ";
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=decimal]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, decimal ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-greek]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-greek ) ']';
}

/* Styling for jQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */
.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsible-toggle:not(.mw-ui-button) {
font-weight: normal;
padding-right: 0.2em;
padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle .mw-collapsible-toggle {
/* @noflip */
float: left;
}

/* Lists in wikitable data cells are always left-aligned */
.wikitable td ul,
.wikitable td ol,
.wikitable td dl {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Change the external link icon to a PDF icon for all PDF files */
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF#"].external {
background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Icon_pdf_file.png") no-repeat right;
/* @noflip */
padding: 8px 18px 8px 0;
}

/* System messages styled similarly to fmbox */
/* for .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, behavior of this line differs between
* the edit-protected notice and the special:Contribs for blocked users
* The latter has specificity of 3 classes so we have to triple up here.
*/
.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #bb7070;
background-color: #ffdbdb;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
border-color: #fc3;
background-color: #fef6e7;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views. */
#mw-subcategories,
#mw-pages,
#mw-category-media,
#filehistory,
#wikiPreview,
#wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Styling for tags in changes pages */
.mw-tag-markers {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in
[[MediaWiki:Group-checkuser.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter-helper.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-patroller.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-extendedmover.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-extendedconfirmed.css]], and [[Mediawiki:Group-autoconfirmed.css]]. */
.checkuser-show,
.sysop-show,
.abusefilter-show,
.abusefilter-helper-show,
.patroller-show,
.templateeditor-show,
.extendedmover-show,
.extendedconfirmed-show,
.autoconfirmed-show,
.user-show {
display: none;
}

/* Hide the redlink generated by {{Editnotice}},
this overrides the ".sysop-show { display: none; }" above that applies
to the same link as well. See [[phab:T45013]]

Hide the images in editnotices to keep them readable in VE view.
Long term, editnotices should become a core feature so that they can be designed responsive. */
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .editnotice-redlink,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-image,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-imageright {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors > li {
list-style: none;
}

/* larger inline math */
span.mwe-math-mathml-inline {
font-size: 118%;
}

/* Make <math display="block"> be left aligned with one space indent for
* compatibility with style conventions
*/
.mwe-math-fallback-image-display,
.mwe-math-mathml-display {
margin-left: 1.6em !important;
margin-top: 0.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
}

.mwe-math-mathml-display math {
display: inline;
}

@media screen {
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency,
* except on main, user, and portal namespaces
*/
body:not(.ns-0):not(.ns-2):not(.ns-100) .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #fff url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png) repeat;
}

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" in skins that support it,
do not apply to print mode */
#siteSub {
display: block;
}
}

/* Hide FlaggedRevs notice UI when there are no pending changes */
.flaggedrevs_draft_synced,
.flaggedrevs_stable_synced,
/* "Temporary" to remove links in sidebar T255381 */
#t-upload,
/* Hide broken download box on Special:Book pending T285400 */
.mw-special-Book #coll-downloadbox {
display: none;
}

/*
* BELOW HERE THERE BE SOONTOBE TEMPLATESTYLES THINGS;
* SEE [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]]
*/

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
border-spacing: 3px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
color: black;
/* @noflip */
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
/* @noflip */
float: right;
/* @noflip */
clear: right;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
/* @noflip */
text-align: right;
}

/* Normal font styling for wikitable row headers with scope="row" tag */
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.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup] {
font-weight: normal;
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 118%;
line-height: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
background-image: none;
}
}

/* Put anything you mean to be a sitewide addition above the TemplateStyles
* comment above.
*/

MediaWiki:Common.css

2024-09-09T21:58:06Z

Admin:

/*
* This is the CSS common to all desktop skins on en.Wikipedia.
* Styling inside .mw-parser-output should generally use TemplateStyles.
*/
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */
cite,
dfn {
font-style: inherit;
}

/* Straight quote marks for <q> */
q {
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";
}

/* Avoid collision of blockquote with floating elements by swapping margin and padding */
blockquote {
overflow: hidden;
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0 40px;
}

body { font-size: larger; }

/* Consistent size for , and */
small {
font-size: 85%;
}

.mw-body-content sub,
.mw-body-content sup {
font-size: 80%;
}

/* Same spacing for indented and unindented paragraphs on talk pages */
.ns-talk .mw-body-content dd {
margin-top: 0.4em;
margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

/* Reduce page jumps by hiding collapsed/dismissed content */
.client-js .collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible).collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),

/* Avoid FOUC/reflows on collapsed elements. */
/* This copies MediaWiki's solution for T42812 to apply to innercollapse/outercollapse (T325115). */
/* TODO: Use :is() selector at some reasonable future when support is good for Most Clients */
/* Reference: https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/+/ecda06cb2aef55b77c4b4d7ecda492d634419ead/resources/src/jquery/jquery.makeCollapsible.styles.less#75 */
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > p,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > table,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > thead + tbody,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) tr:not( :first-child ),
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) .mw-collapsible-content,

/* Hide charinsert base for those not using the gadget */
#editpage-specialchars {
display: none;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller
* Keep in sync with Template:Refbegin/styles.css
* And Template:Reflist/styles.css
*/
ol.references {
font-size: 90%;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Cite customizations for Parsoid
* Once everything uses the one true parser these are just customizations
*/
span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ] {
counter-reset: mw-ref-linkback 0;
}

span[ rel='mw:referencedBy' ] > a::before {
content: counter( mw-ref-linkback, lower-alpha );
font-size: 80%;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
}

a[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
font-weight: bold;
content: "^";
}

span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
content: "^ ";
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=decimal]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, decimal ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-greek]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-greek ) ']';
}

/* Styling for jQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */
.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsible-toggle:not(.mw-ui-button) {
font-weight: normal;
padding-right: 0.2em;
padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle .mw-collapsible-toggle {
/* @noflip */
float: left;
}

/* Lists in wikitable data cells are always left-aligned */
.wikitable td ul,
.wikitable td ol,
.wikitable td dl {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Change the external link icon to a PDF icon for all PDF files */
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF#"].external {
background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Icon_pdf_file.png") no-repeat right;
/* @noflip */
padding: 8px 18px 8px 0;
}

/* System messages styled similarly to fmbox */
/* for .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, behavior of this line differs between
* the edit-protected notice and the special:Contribs for blocked users
* The latter has specificity of 3 classes so we have to triple up here.
*/
.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #bb7070;
background-color: #ffdbdb;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
border-color: #fc3;
background-color: #fef6e7;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views. */
#mw-subcategories,
#mw-pages,
#mw-category-media,
#filehistory,
#wikiPreview,
#wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Styling for tags in changes pages */
.mw-tag-markers {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in
[[MediaWiki:Group-checkuser.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter-helper.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-patroller.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-extendedmover.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-extendedconfirmed.css]], and [[Mediawiki:Group-autoconfirmed.css]]. */
.checkuser-show,
.sysop-show,
.abusefilter-show,
.abusefilter-helper-show,
.patroller-show,
.templateeditor-show,
.extendedmover-show,
.extendedconfirmed-show,
.autoconfirmed-show,
.user-show {
display: none;
}

/* Hide the redlink generated by {{Editnotice}},
this overrides the ".sysop-show { display: none; }" above that applies
to the same link as well. See [[phab:T45013]]

Hide the images in editnotices to keep them readable in VE view.
Long term, editnotices should become a core feature so that they can be designed responsive. */
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .editnotice-redlink,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-image,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-imageright {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors > li {
list-style: none;
}

/* larger inline math */
span.mwe-math-mathml-inline {
font-size: 118%;
}

/* Make <math display="block"> be left aligned with one space indent for
* compatibility with style conventions
*/
.mwe-math-fallback-image-display,
.mwe-math-mathml-display {
margin-left: 1.6em !important;
margin-top: 0.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
}

.mwe-math-mathml-display math {
display: inline;
}

@media screen {
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency,
* except on main, user, and portal namespaces
*/
body:not(.ns-0):not(.ns-2):not(.ns-100) .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #fff url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png) repeat;
}

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" in skins that support it,
do not apply to print mode */
#siteSub {
display: block;
}
}

/* Hide FlaggedRevs notice UI when there are no pending changes */
.flaggedrevs_draft_synced,
.flaggedrevs_stable_synced,
/* "Temporary" to remove links in sidebar T255381 */
#t-upload,
/* Hide broken download box on Special:Book pending T285400 */
.mw-special-Book #coll-downloadbox {
display: none;
}

/*
* BELOW HERE THERE BE SOONTOBE TEMPLATESTYLES THINGS;
* SEE [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]]
*/

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
border-spacing: 3px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
color: black;
/* @noflip */
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
/* @noflip */
float: right;
/* @noflip */
clear: right;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
/* @noflip */
text-align: right;
}

/* Normal font styling for wikitable row headers with scope="row" tag */
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup] {
font-weight: normal;
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 118%;
line-height: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
background-image: none;
}
}

/* Put anything you mean to be a sitewide addition above the TemplateStyles
* comment above.
*/

John FORREST (1804-1865)

2024-04-05T14:28:06Z

Admin:

{{Infobox person
|name=John Forrest
|honorific_suffix = CB, QHP
|birth_date= {{birth date|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1865|12|10|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|birth_place=Stirling, Scotland
|death_place=Bath, Somerset, England
|resting_place = Locksbrook Cemetery, Bath
|resting_place_coordinates = 51.385181,-2.385399
|occupation = British military medical officer
|nationality = Scottish
|monuments = Forrest Hospital, St Julian's, Malta
|signature = John Forrest signature.gif
|module = {{infobox military person|embed=yes
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|branch= {{army|United Kingdom}}
|serviceyears=1825–1861
|rank= Inspector-General of Army Hospitals
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= Expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore Expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River Kaffir War Crimean War: Affair of Bulganac Crimean War: Battle of Balaclava Crimean War: Battle of Alma Crimean War: Battle of Inkerman Crimean War: Siege of Sevastopol
|awards=South Africa Medal Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol Turkish Crimean Medal Companion of the Order of the Bath 4th Class Order of the Medjidie
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
}}

'''Dr John Forrest''', Companion of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Physician to the Queen, was born on 20th June 1804 in Stirling<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Births, Stirling, OPR Ref. 490/0030 0336]]</ref>. He was the eighth child of '''[[John FORREST (1761-1822)|Dr John FORREST]]''' and '''Elizabeth GLAS'''.

He dedicated 36 years of service to the Royal Army Medical Corps, providing support to the British Army during numerous conflicts, including the Crimean War. He briefly held the position of overseeing Scutari Hospital where Florence Nightingale was stationed, and through his diligence and duty was made an Honorary Physician to the Queen. The Medical and Surgical Reporter hailed him as "One of the most distinguished medical officers of the British Army".

However, at the age of 18, as a student of Medicine aiming to deepen his medical knowledge, he became involved in grave-robbing in his hometown of Stirling. He faced charges for this crime, along with the local gravedigger and cemetery key keeper who were detained. He fled the country and was subsequently declared an outlaw. Although his accomplices were initially released, this action incited a riot in the town, compelling authorities to return them to jail for their own safety. A year later, Forrest received a pardon from the King, thanks to a successful petition by his Brother in law. The petition pleaded for clemency based on Forrest's age and his circumstances at the time of the crime.

== Resurrectionist ==

In 1822, when he was a student of medicine at Edinburgh University Forrest was involved in the removal of the body of Mary Witherspoon (née Stevenson) from Stirling Churchyard.<ref group = "nb">Before the Anatomy Act of 1832, the only legal supply of corpses for anatomical purposes were those condemned to death and dissection by the courts. While in the 1700s, hundreds had been executed for trivial crimes, by the 19th century only approximately 50 people were being hanged each year. With the expansion of the medical schools and private anatomical schools, as many as 500 cadavers were needed. This led to body snatching to fill the shortfall. Stealing a corpse was a misdemeanour at common law, not a felony, and was therefore only punishable with fine and imprisonment, rather than transportation or execution. The trade was a sufficiently lucrative business to run the risk of detection, particularly as the authorities tended to turn a blind eye to what they considered a necessary evil.</ref> The crime was discovered and John along with James Shiels, a street sweeper, Daniel Mitchell, a servant and changekeeper, and James McNab, the local gravedigger, were implicated as the culprits.<ref>[[Precognition against James Shiels, Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres, 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. AD14/23/61]]</ref>

A trial was held at the Stirling Spring Circuit Court on 19 April 1823; however, Forrest had absconded and was absent from the hearings. He was assumed to be heading for Paris whilst McNab and Mitchel were held prisoners in the Stirling Tolbooth. The court documents do not mention Shiels however. The crime had been discovered when the grave of Mary Stevenson, wife of Joseph Witherspoon, that had been dug only a week before, was observed to be a couple of inches below the surface. A rope was discovered near the surface and digging down to the coffin revealed it had been broken open and the body removed, however the clothes had been thrown back inside.<ref group="nb">One method body-snatchers used was to dig at the head end of a recent burial, digging with a wooden spade (quieter than metal). When they reached the coffin they broke it open, put a rope around the corpse and dragged it out. They were careful not to steal anything such as jewellery or clothes as this would leave them open to a felony charge.</ref><ref name="trial">[[Trial papers relating to Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres at Church yard, Stirling, 19 Apr 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC26/1823/15]]</ref>

In McNab's statement he described Forrest as the ring-leader who had approached him a number of times trying to persuade him to assist in the removal of bodies from the church yard, offering him up to four guineas per body. In McNab's role as the church gravedigger he would have held the keys to the church yard which would be of great use in such a crime. Although McNab admitted being with Forrest, Mitchel and Shiels on the night before the crime was discovered, he protested his innocence and claimed the crime was conducted after he left the group.‎<ref name="trial" />

Mitchel's statement supports the claim that Forrest had offered a number of times three or four guineas for assistance in the removal of bodies from the graveyard. Mitchel also mentions one of Forrest's accomplices being "a tallish man with a great white coat with a number of capes and whom he heard to be called Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". This man was not located and assumed to be a fictitious character.‎<ref name="trial" /><ref group="nb">The character described could have been John Forrest's brother-in-law Dr. Alexander Johnston. Johnston was married to John's elder sister [[Marion FORREST (1798-1886)|Marion]]and was four years older than John. He had obtained his degree at Edinburgh University and it could be assumed he was still living there and so fitting the description of "Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". The "white coat" may imply a doctor's outfit, however prior to the late 19th century doctors actually wore black.</ref>

Mitchel goes on to describe how Forrest had offered him a large amount of whisky and so being intoxicated, he agreed to go with him, McNab and Shiels to the church yard where Mr Johnston gave him a pound note (which he admits he split with Shiels the following day). However, Mitchel denied assisting with the crime, saying he left immediately afterwards<ref name="trial" />.

As all evidence pointed towards Forrest being the principal offender in the case and that he had absconded, the court decreed that he should be declared an outlaw<ref>[[Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99#p103|Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99 p103]]</ref>. Outlawry was one of the harshest criminal penalties, as the eighteen year old Forrest would no longer be protected by the legal system and anyone could commit a crime against him (including murder) without any punishment. To be declared an outlaw was to suffer a form of civil or social death as the outlaw was debarred from all civilized society. No one was allowed to give him food, shelter, or any other sort of support—to do so was to commit the crime of aiding and abetting, and to be in danger of the ban oneself. As such, Forrest could not return to his family home in Stirling and had to support himself entirely.

The Lord Advocate also decided that because Forrest was absent, the trial against McNab and Mitchel who had merely been acting as agents was halted pro loco et tempore. In Scots law this phrase refers to a case where the trial is stopped but the prosecution retains the right to bring a fresh indictment against the accused. They were freed from jail; however this incensed the local populace who formed an angry mob and started to riot in the streets. The 77th Regiment were brought down from the Castle to disperse the rioters who fired on the mob in Spittal Street, but no-one was injured, the soldiers intentionally firing over the people's heads. For their own safety McNab and Mitchel had to take refuge in the jail they had just been released from<ref>[[Riot in Stirling - Broadside (1823)]]</ref><ref>[[Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898)#p254|Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898) p254]]</ref>.

In spite of his outlaw status, Forrest continued his education at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1823 he became a licentiate of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

In June 1824, Forrest's brother-in-law, Robert Adie, submitted a "memorial" (a petition) to the King to pardon Forrest. This included an assumption of guilt of the crime but pleaded clemency on a number of factors including:- Forrest's age at the time of the crime - being vulnerable to the influence of others; the fact his father had died only a month before the crime took place; the impact of Forrest's outlawry on his widowed mother; the state of anxiety Forrest had been suffering since his conviction - being rendered a fugitive not protected by the Law; and that another trial could stir up public emotions again as it did previously. Adie also included a number of Testimonials from distinguished medical teachers and responsible inhabitants of Stirling attesting to Forrest's good character and diligence as a student. One such character reference included the fact that Forrest had been providing medical assistance to the poor of Edinburgh:

{{quote|I hereby certify that Mr John Forrest attended my Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology in the winter of 1821 and Spring of 1822, also in the Winter of 1822 and Spring of 1823. That during these courses he was a diligent and faithful attendant. I also certify that Mr Forrest has attended many of the poor people who apply to me for medical assistance, with an attention and humanity that do him the highest credit. There is no young gentleman on whom I would devote the charge of patients with greater confidence.}}

The Petition was successful as on 22 June 1824 Forrest was granted a free pardon by the King.<ref>[[The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV)#p244|The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV) p244]]</ref><ref>[[Registrum Magni Sigilli (Paper Register), 17 Jun 1820-26 Sep 1825, National Archives Scotland Ref. C3/25/00191R&V]]</ref><ref>[[Book of Adjournal, 27 Jan 1823-12 Jul 1824, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC4/14/00405/L&00406/R]]</ref>

Forrest continued his education, and in 1825 was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene.

== Early Military Career ==

Much of John's Military Career is documented in his Obituary in the British Medical Journal<ref>[[British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865)#p323|British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865) p323]]</ref>:

In 1825 John Forrest was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University<ref>[[UK Medical Register 1859#p105|UK Medical Register 1859 p105]]</ref>. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene<ref>[[Dissertatio medica inauguralis, quaedam de gangraena complectens]]</ref>.

On 10th November 1825 he joined the British Army as a Hospital Assistant. Shortly after, on 9th February 1826 he was promoted to Assistant Surgeon in the 20th Regiment of the Foot where he served in the expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore in 1827.

On 3rd September 1829 he was transferred to the 23rd Regiment of Foot, on the 11th October 1831 transferred to the 8th West India Regiment of Foot and on 9th July 1832 transferred to the hospital staff.

On 2nd July 1841 Dr was promoted to surgeon of the 2nd class and served in the 75th Regiment of Foot until 13th May 1842 when he transferred to the hospital staff in Cape of Good Hope.

He was employed during the expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River in 1845, and in the Kaffir War of 1846, for which he received a medal.

Whilst in Cape Town, John became the Medical Attendant to Lady Sarah Lennox, daughter of the Duke of Richmond, and wife of Sir Peregrine Maitland. He was mentioned in a letter dated 17th January 1847 from Sir John Hall:

''“Dr. Forrest, who belongs to the Medical Staff here, and has made a good deal of money, I hear, by private practice, is indignant at being passed over by Atkinson, who is junior to him in the Service, and is going to make an application to return home on account of his health, to which I suppose I shall be compelled to give my assent. The other day he sent a regular reprimand to Sir James McGrigor for overlooking his individual merits, and promoting a junior Officer over his head, which he sent to me for transmission home. I, of course, returned it to him with a message that, however much he fancied Sir James deserved censure for the promotion he had made, I was not the channel through which such a communication should pass, but that if I could forward his views in getting an exchange, or even promotion, it would afford me much pleasure. It was rather a knowing dodge of the canny Scot, as all Sir James's anger would have fallen on me, and very properly, for transmitting such a document; but I have been severely bitten once by one of his countrymen for my good nature, and I will forgive the next who persuades me to commit myself again for his advantage.”''<ref>[[The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911)#p104|The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911) p104]]</ref>

On 21st May 1850 he was promoted to Surgeon of the First Class and served as hospital staff in Glasgow and Chatham, Kent.

== Crimean War ==

On 28th March 1854, Dr John Forrest was promoted to Deputy-Inspector of Army Hospitals and was ordered on 13th April 1854 to be in medical charge of the 3rd division of the Eastern army in Galipoli and Bulgaria, and accompanied the expedition to the Crimea in September 1854. In December 1854, he was posted to Scutari hospital, assuming the office of Principal Medical Officer. One of the junior doctors in his division, George Lawson, had a high opinion of Dr Forrest:

''“It requires a man of good capabilities to take charge. Had he been there before there would never have been a complaint against the place ... He has kindly promised to have me removed there, but this I am obliged to keep to myself, as it requires some management to be sent down. I shall first get sent down to Scutari with wounded and sick, and he will detain me there and give me, I have asked of him, one of the surgical wards.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p361|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p361]]</ref>

Unfortunately the conditions at Scutari Hospital (where Florence Nightingale had been posted) were too harsh for Dr Forrest and he resigned two weeks later following inflammation of the liver. His letter to Sir John Hall stated:

''“I am sorry I find I must divert to England for a change in climate as I am quite unfit to carry on duty here. Lawson and others seem to think there is serious disease of the kidney going on and I daresay they are right.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p352|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p352]]</ref>

Following his recovery, John was present at the affair of Bulganac, capture of Balaklava, battles of the Alma and Inkerman, and siege of Sebastopol. He was noticed in Lord Raglan’s despatch after Inkerman, ''“for his able exertions, as deserving to be most honourably mentioned”'' and was rewarded with the medal with three clasps, and on 5th Feb 1856 made an Ordinary Member of the Military Division of the Third Class (Companion of the Order of the Bath).

== Later Career ==

He became Inspector-General of Army Hospitals on 31st May 1858 and on 2nd Mar 1858 received the fourth-class order of the Medjuidie.

He was stationed at Malta until Dec 1861 having been promoted in 16th Nov 1859 to Honorary Physician to the Queen

== Career Timeline ==

{|
|- valign="top"
!Date
!Position
!Attached
!Awards
|- valign="top"
|10th November 1825
||Hospital-Assistant to the Forces<ref name="Hart's List">[[Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864)#554|Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864),554]]</ref>
||
||

|- valign="top"
|9th February 1826
||Assistant Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||20th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826)#362|London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826), 362]]</ref>

23rd Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829)#1789|London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829), 1789]]</ref>

8th West India Regiment of Foot<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831)#279|Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831), 279]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832)#1674|London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832), 1674]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|2nd July 1841
||Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||75th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841)#1721|London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841), 1721]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842)#1297|London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842), 1297]]</ref>

91st Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847)#1585|London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847), 1585]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|21st May 1850
||Surgeon Major<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850)#1452|London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850), 1452]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|28th March 1854
||Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||3rd Division of Eastern Army
||South African Medal

Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol<ref>[[Association Medical Journal (1st June 1855)]]</ref>

Turkish Crimean Medal

Companion of the Order of the Bath<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856)#427|London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856), 427]]</ref>

4th Class Order of the Medjidie<ref>[[London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858)#1251-1253|London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858), 1251-1253]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1858
||Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||Honorary Physician to Her Majesty<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859)#1143|Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859), 1143]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1861
||Placed on Half-Pay<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||

|}

== Family ==

In St Ninians, Stirlingshire, John married on 7th March 1839, firstly, '''Ann MCLACHLAN'''<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Marriages, St Ninians, OPR Ref. 488/0060 0300]]</ref> daughter of '''Captain Donald MCLACHLAN''' and (unknown) '''CAMPBELL'''.

In April 1839<ref>[[Notes and Queries (Volume CLXXI 12th September 1936) p192]]</ref>, Captain Donald McLachlan accompanied by his family and John and Ann Forrest left Stirling in the barque ''Ariadne'' and journeyed to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa where John and Ann disembarked. Donald and family continued to Australia reaching Port Phillip towards the end of 1839<ref>[[The Argus - Melbourne, Victoria (26th November 1937) p16]]</ref>.

In South Africa, Ann had two children:

:i. '''[[Mary Anne FORREST (1840-1891)|Mary Anne FORREST]]''', born 1840 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2440/27/13]] (age transposed with Husband’s)</ref><ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/1937/145/19]]</ref>.
:ii. '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', born on 2nd February 1841 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Gravestone of John and Eveline Forrest, Lacey Green]]</ref>.

Unfortunately, Ann died on 1st August 1842<ref>The Cape of Good Hope Government Gazette, Deaths Section 5th Aug 1842</ref> and was buried at St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town on 2nd Aug 1842<ref>Burial Register of St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town</ref>.

In Gibraltar, he married secondly on 12th August 1858, '''Emma JENKIN''', daughter of '''George H. JENKIN'''<ref>[[General Register Office, Army Returns, Marriages, Gibraltar, 1850-1859 p1129]]</ref>

He died at 10 Queens Parade in Bath, Somerset, on 10th December 1865<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Bath, GRO Ref. 1865/Q3/5C/431]]</ref>, leaving £8,000 to his daughter Mary Anne, £5,000 to his second wife Emma, and the remaining £5,000 of his estate to his son John.<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/6/4 non-Scottish Court]]</ref><ref>[[Inventory of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/1/127 Edinburgh Sheriff Court Inventories]]</ref>.

== Notes ==

<references group="nb" />

== References ==

<references/>

John FORREST (1804-1865)

2024-04-05T14:24:29Z

Admin:

{{Infobox person
|name=John Forrest
|honorific_suffix = Companion of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Physician to the Queen
|birth_date= {{birth date|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1865|12|10|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|birth_place=Stirling, Scotland
|death_place=Bath, Somerset, England
|resting_place = Locksbrook Cemetery, Bath
|resting_place_coordinates = 51.385181,-2.385399
|occupation = British military medical officer
|nationality = Scottish
|monuments = Forrest Hospital, St Julian's, Malta
|signature = John Forrest signature.gif
|module = {{infobox military person|embed=yes
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|branch= {{army|United Kingdom}}
|serviceyears=1825–1861
|rank= Inspector-General of Army Hospitals
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= Expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore Expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River Kaffir War Crimean War: Affair of Bulganac Crimean War: Battle of Balaclava Crimean War: Battle of Alma Crimean War: Battle of Inkerman Crimean War: Siege of Sevastopol
|awards=South Africa Medal Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol Turkish Crimean Medal Companion of the Order of the Bath 4th Class Order of the Medjidie
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
}}

'''Dr John Forrest''', Companion of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Physician to the Queen, was born on 20th June 1804 in Stirling<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Births, Stirling, OPR Ref. 490/0030 0336]]</ref>. He was the eighth child of '''[[John FORREST (1761-1822)|Dr John FORREST]]''' and '''Elizabeth GLAS'''.

He dedicated 36 years of service to the Royal Army Medical Corps, providing support to the British Army during numerous conflicts, including the Crimean War. He briefly held the position of overseeing Scutari Hospital where Florence Nightingale was stationed, and through his diligence and duty was made an Honorary Physician to the Queen. The Medical and Surgical Reporter hailed him as "One of the most distinguished medical officers of the British Army".

However, at the age of 18, as a student of Medicine aiming to deepen his medical knowledge, he became involved in grave-robbing in his hometown of Stirling. He faced charges for this crime, along with the local gravedigger and cemetery key keeper who were detained. He fled the country and was subsequently declared an outlaw. Although his accomplices were initially released, this action incited a riot in the town, compelling authorities to return them to jail for their own safety. A year later, Forrest received a pardon from the King, thanks to a successful petition by his Brother in law. The petition pleaded for clemency based on Forrest's age and his circumstances at the time of the crime.

== Resurrectionist ==

In 1822, when he was a student of medicine at Edinburgh University Forrest was involved in the removal of the body of Mary Witherspoon (née Stevenson) from Stirling Churchyard.<ref group = "nb">Before the Anatomy Act of 1832, the only legal supply of corpses for anatomical purposes were those condemned to death and dissection by the courts. While in the 1700s, hundreds had been executed for trivial crimes, by the 19th century only approximately 50 people were being hanged each year. With the expansion of the medical schools and private anatomical schools, as many as 500 cadavers were needed. This led to body snatching to fill the shortfall. Stealing a corpse was a misdemeanour at common law, not a felony, and was therefore only punishable with fine and imprisonment, rather than transportation or execution. The trade was a sufficiently lucrative business to run the risk of detection, particularly as the authorities tended to turn a blind eye to what they considered a necessary evil.</ref> The crime was discovered and John along with James Shiels, a street sweeper, Daniel Mitchell, a servant and changekeeper, and James McNab, the local gravedigger, were implicated as the culprits.<ref>[[Precognition against James Shiels, Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres, 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. AD14/23/61]]</ref>

A trial was held at the Stirling Spring Circuit Court on 19 April 1823; however, Forrest had absconded and was absent from the hearings. He was assumed to be heading for Paris whilst McNab and Mitchel were held prisoners in the Stirling Tolbooth. The court documents do not mention Shiels however. The crime had been discovered when the grave of Mary Stevenson, wife of Joseph Witherspoon, that had been dug only a week before, was observed to be a couple of inches below the surface. A rope was discovered near the surface and digging down to the coffin revealed it had been broken open and the body removed, however the clothes had been thrown back inside.<ref group="nb">One method body-snatchers used was to dig at the head end of a recent burial, digging with a wooden spade (quieter than metal). When they reached the coffin they broke it open, put a rope around the corpse and dragged it out. They were careful not to steal anything such as jewellery or clothes as this would leave them open to a felony charge.</ref><ref name="trial">[[Trial papers relating to Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres at Church yard, Stirling, 19 Apr 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC26/1823/15]]</ref>

In McNab's statement he described Forrest as the ring-leader who had approached him a number of times trying to persuade him to assist in the removal of bodies from the church yard, offering him up to four guineas per body. In McNab's role as the church gravedigger he would have held the keys to the church yard which would be of great use in such a crime. Although McNab admitted being with Forrest, Mitchel and Shiels on the night before the crime was discovered, he protested his innocence and claimed the crime was conducted after he left the group.‎<ref name="trial" />

Mitchel's statement supports the claim that Forrest had offered a number of times three or four guineas for assistance in the removal of bodies from the graveyard. Mitchel also mentions one of Forrest's accomplices being "a tallish man with a great white coat with a number of capes and whom he heard to be called Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". This man was not located and assumed to be a fictitious character.‎<ref name="trial" /><ref group="nb">The character described could have been John Forrest's brother-in-law Dr. Alexander Johnston. Johnston was married to John's elder sister [[Marion FORREST (1798-1886)|Marion]]and was four years older than John. He had obtained his degree at Edinburgh University and it could be assumed he was still living there and so fitting the description of "Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". The "white coat" may imply a doctor's outfit, however prior to the late 19th century doctors actually wore black.</ref>

Mitchel goes on to describe how Forrest had offered him a large amount of whisky and so being intoxicated, he agreed to go with him, McNab and Shiels to the church yard where Mr Johnston gave him a pound note (which he admits he split with Shiels the following day). However, Mitchel denied assisting with the crime, saying he left immediately afterwards<ref name="trial" />.

As all evidence pointed towards Forrest being the principal offender in the case and that he had absconded, the court decreed that he should be declared an outlaw<ref>[[Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99#p103|Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99 p103]]</ref>. Outlawry was one of the harshest criminal penalties, as the eighteen year old Forrest would no longer be protected by the legal system and anyone could commit a crime against him (including murder) without any punishment. To be declared an outlaw was to suffer a form of civil or social death as the outlaw was debarred from all civilized society. No one was allowed to give him food, shelter, or any other sort of support—to do so was to commit the crime of aiding and abetting, and to be in danger of the ban oneself. As such, Forrest could not return to his family home in Stirling and had to support himself entirely.

The Lord Advocate also decided that because Forrest was absent, the trial against McNab and Mitchel who had merely been acting as agents was halted pro loco et tempore. In Scots law this phrase refers to a case where the trial is stopped but the prosecution retains the right to bring a fresh indictment against the accused. They were freed from jail; however this incensed the local populace who formed an angry mob and started to riot in the streets. The 77th Regiment were brought down from the Castle to disperse the rioters who fired on the mob in Spittal Street, but no-one was injured, the soldiers intentionally firing over the people's heads. For their own safety McNab and Mitchel had to take refuge in the jail they had just been released from<ref>[[Riot in Stirling - Broadside (1823)]]</ref><ref>[[Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898)#p254|Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898) p254]]</ref>.

In spite of his outlaw status, Forrest continued his education at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1823 he became a licentiate of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

In June 1824, Forrest's brother-in-law, Robert Adie, submitted a "memorial" (a petition) to the King to pardon Forrest. This included an assumption of guilt of the crime but pleaded clemency on a number of factors including:- Forrest's age at the time of the crime - being vulnerable to the influence of others; the fact his father had died only a month before the crime took place; the impact of Forrest's outlawry on his widowed mother; the state of anxiety Forrest had been suffering since his conviction - being rendered a fugitive not protected by the Law; and that another trial could stir up public emotions again as it did previously. Adie also included a number of Testimonials from distinguished medical teachers and responsible inhabitants of Stirling attesting to Forrest's good character and diligence as a student. One such character reference included the fact that Forrest had been providing medical assistance to the poor of Edinburgh:

{{quote|I hereby certify that Mr John Forrest attended my Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology in the winter of 1821 and Spring of 1822, also in the Winter of 1822 and Spring of 1823. That during these courses he was a diligent and faithful attendant. I also certify that Mr Forrest has attended many of the poor people who apply to me for medical assistance, with an attention and humanity that do him the highest credit. There is no young gentleman on whom I would devote the charge of patients with greater confidence.}}

The Petition was successful as on 22 June 1824 Forrest was granted a free pardon by the King.<ref>[[The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV)#p244|The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV) p244]]</ref><ref>[[Registrum Magni Sigilli (Paper Register), 17 Jun 1820-26 Sep 1825, National Archives Scotland Ref. C3/25/00191R&V]]</ref><ref>[[Book of Adjournal, 27 Jan 1823-12 Jul 1824, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC4/14/00405/L&00406/R]]</ref>

Forrest continued his education, and in 1825 was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene.

== Early Military Career ==

Much of John's Military Career is documented in his Obituary in the British Medical Journal<ref>[[British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865)#p323|British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865) p323]]</ref>:

In 1825 John Forrest was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University<ref>[[UK Medical Register 1859#p105|UK Medical Register 1859 p105]]</ref>. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene<ref>[[Dissertatio medica inauguralis, quaedam de gangraena complectens]]</ref>.

On 10th November 1825 he joined the British Army as a Hospital Assistant. Shortly after, on 9th February 1826 he was promoted to Assistant Surgeon in the 20th Regiment of the Foot where he served in the expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore in 1827.

On 3rd September 1829 he was transferred to the 23rd Regiment of Foot, on the 11th October 1831 transferred to the 8th West India Regiment of Foot and on 9th July 1832 transferred to the hospital staff.

On 2nd July 1841 Dr was promoted to surgeon of the 2nd class and served in the 75th Regiment of Foot until 13th May 1842 when he transferred to the hospital staff in Cape of Good Hope.

He was employed during the expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River in 1845, and in the Kaffir War of 1846, for which he received a medal.

Whilst in Cape Town, John became the Medical Attendant to Lady Sarah Lennox, daughter of the Duke of Richmond, and wife of Sir Peregrine Maitland. He was mentioned in a letter dated 17th January 1847 from Sir John Hall:

''“Dr. Forrest, who belongs to the Medical Staff here, and has made a good deal of money, I hear, by private practice, is indignant at being passed over by Atkinson, who is junior to him in the Service, and is going to make an application to return home on account of his health, to which I suppose I shall be compelled to give my assent. The other day he sent a regular reprimand to Sir James McGrigor for overlooking his individual merits, and promoting a junior Officer over his head, which he sent to me for transmission home. I, of course, returned it to him with a message that, however much he fancied Sir James deserved censure for the promotion he had made, I was not the channel through which such a communication should pass, but that if I could forward his views in getting an exchange, or even promotion, it would afford me much pleasure. It was rather a knowing dodge of the canny Scot, as all Sir James's anger would have fallen on me, and very properly, for transmitting such a document; but I have been severely bitten once by one of his countrymen for my good nature, and I will forgive the next who persuades me to commit myself again for his advantage.”''<ref>[[The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911)#p104|The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911) p104]]</ref>

On 21st May 1850 he was promoted to Surgeon of the First Class and served as hospital staff in Glasgow and Chatham, Kent.

== Crimean War ==

On 28th March 1854, Dr John Forrest was promoted to Deputy-Inspector of Army Hospitals and was ordered on 13th April 1854 to be in medical charge of the 3rd division of the Eastern army in Galipoli and Bulgaria, and accompanied the expedition to the Crimea in September 1854. In December 1854, he was posted to Scutari hospital, assuming the office of Principal Medical Officer. One of the junior doctors in his division, George Lawson, had a high opinion of Dr Forrest:

''“It requires a man of good capabilities to take charge. Had he been there before there would never have been a complaint against the place ... He has kindly promised to have me removed there, but this I am obliged to keep to myself, as it requires some management to be sent down. I shall first get sent down to Scutari with wounded and sick, and he will detain me there and give me, I have asked of him, one of the surgical wards.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p361|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p361]]</ref>

Unfortunately the conditions at Scutari Hospital (where Florence Nightingale had been posted) were too harsh for Dr Forrest and he resigned two weeks later following inflammation of the liver. His letter to Sir John Hall stated:

''“I am sorry I find I must divert to England for a change in climate as I am quite unfit to carry on duty here. Lawson and others seem to think there is serious disease of the kidney going on and I daresay they are right.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p352|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p352]]</ref>

Following his recovery, John was present at the affair of Bulganac, capture of Balaklava, battles of the Alma and Inkerman, and siege of Sebastopol. He was noticed in Lord Raglan’s despatch after Inkerman, ''“for his able exertions, as deserving to be most honourably mentioned”'' and was rewarded with the medal with three clasps, and on 5th Feb 1856 made an Ordinary Member of the Military Division of the Third Class (Companion of the Order of the Bath).

== Later Career ==

He became Inspector-General of Army Hospitals on 31st May 1858 and on 2nd Mar 1858 received the fourth-class order of the Medjuidie.

He was stationed at Malta until Dec 1861 having been promoted in 16th Nov 1859 to Honorary Physician to the Queen

== Career Timeline ==

{|
|- valign="top"
!Date
!Position
!Attached
!Awards
|- valign="top"
|10th November 1825
||Hospital-Assistant to the Forces<ref name="Hart's List">[[Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864)#554|Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864),554]]</ref>
||
||

|- valign="top"
|9th February 1826
||Assistant Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||20th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826)#362|London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826), 362]]</ref>

23rd Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829)#1789|London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829), 1789]]</ref>

8th West India Regiment of Foot<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831)#279|Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831), 279]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832)#1674|London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832), 1674]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|2nd July 1841
||Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||75th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841)#1721|London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841), 1721]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842)#1297|London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842), 1297]]</ref>

91st Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847)#1585|London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847), 1585]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|21st May 1850
||Surgeon Major<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850)#1452|London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850), 1452]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|28th March 1854
||Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||3rd Division of Eastern Army
||South African Medal

Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol<ref>[[Association Medical Journal (1st June 1855)]]</ref>

Turkish Crimean Medal

Companion of the Order of the Bath<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856)#427|London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856), 427]]</ref>

4th Class Order of the Medjidie<ref>[[London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858)#1251-1253|London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858), 1251-1253]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1858
||Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||Honorary Physician to Her Majesty<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859)#1143|Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859), 1143]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1861
||Placed on Half-Pay<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||

|}

== Family ==

In St Ninians, Stirlingshire, John married on 7th March 1839, firstly, '''Ann MCLACHLAN'''<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Marriages, St Ninians, OPR Ref. 488/0060 0300]]</ref> daughter of '''Captain Donald MCLACHLAN''' and (unknown) '''CAMPBELL'''.

In April 1839<ref>[[Notes and Queries (Volume CLXXI 12th September 1936) p192]]</ref>, Captain Donald McLachlan accompanied by his family and John and Ann Forrest left Stirling in the barque ''Ariadne'' and journeyed to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa where John and Ann disembarked. Donald and family continued to Australia reaching Port Phillip towards the end of 1839<ref>[[The Argus - Melbourne, Victoria (26th November 1937) p16]]</ref>.

In South Africa, Ann had two children:

:i. '''[[Mary Anne FORREST (1840-1891)|Mary Anne FORREST]]''', born 1840 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2440/27/13]] (age transposed with Husband’s)</ref><ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/1937/145/19]]</ref>.
:ii. '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', born on 2nd February 1841 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Gravestone of John and Eveline Forrest, Lacey Green]]</ref>.

Unfortunately, Ann died on 1st August 1842<ref>The Cape of Good Hope Government Gazette, Deaths Section 5th Aug 1842</ref> and was buried at St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town on 2nd Aug 1842<ref>Burial Register of St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town</ref>.

In Gibraltar, he married secondly on 12th August 1858, '''Emma JENKIN''', daughter of '''George H. JENKIN'''<ref>[[General Register Office, Army Returns, Marriages, Gibraltar, 1850-1859 p1129]]</ref>

He died at 10 Queens Parade in Bath, Somerset, on 10th December 1865<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Bath, GRO Ref. 1865/Q3/5C/431]]</ref>, leaving £8,000 to his daughter Mary Anne, £5,000 to his second wife Emma, and the remaining £5,000 of his estate to his son John.<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/6/4 non-Scottish Court]]</ref><ref>[[Inventory of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/1/127 Edinburgh Sheriff Court Inventories]]</ref>.

== Notes ==

<references group="nb" />

== References ==

<references/>

MediaWiki:Common.js

2024-04-05T14:22:34Z

Admin: Created page with "/** * Keep code in MediaWiki:Common.js to a minimum as it is unconditionally * loaded for all users on every wiki page. If possible create a gadget that is * enabled by default instead of adding it here (since gadgets are fully * optimized ResourceLoader modules with possibility to add dependencies etc.) * * Since Common.js isn't a gadget, there is no place to declare its * dependencies, so we have to lazy load them with mw.loader.using on demand and * then execu..."

/**
* Keep code in MediaWiki:Common.js to a minimum as it is unconditionally
* loaded for all users on every wiki page. If possible create a gadget that is
* enabled by default instead of adding it here (since gadgets are fully
* optimized ResourceLoader modules with possibility to add dependencies etc.)
*
* Since Common.js isn't a gadget, there is no place to declare its
* dependencies, so we have to lazy load them with mw.loader.using on demand and
* then execute the rest in the callback. In most cases these dependencies will
* be loaded (or loading) already and the callback will not be delayed. In case a
* dependency hasn't arrived yet it'll make sure those are loaded before this.
*/

/* global mw, $ */
/* jshint strict:false, browser:true */

mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.util' ] ).done( function () {
/* Begin of mw.loader.using callback */

/**
* Map addPortletLink to mw.util
* @deprecated: Use mw.util.addPortletLink instead.
*/
mw.log.deprecate( window, 'addPortletLink', mw.util.addPortletLink, 'Use mw.util.addPortletLink instead' );

/**
* Test if an element has a certain class
* @deprecated: Use $(element).hasClass() instead.
*/
mw.log.deprecate( window, 'hasClass', function ( element, className ) {
return $( element ).hasClass( className );
}, 'Use jQuery.hasClass() instead' );

/**
* @source www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Load_JS_and_CSS_by_URL
* @rev 6
*/
var extraCSS = mw.util.getParamValue( 'withCSS' ),
extraJS = mw.util.getParamValue( 'withJS' );

if ( extraCSS ) {
if ( extraCSS.match( /^MediaWiki:[^&<>=%#]*\.css$/ ) ) {
mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=' + extraCSS + '&action=raw&ctype=text/css', 'text/css' );
} else {
mw.notify( 'Only pages from the MediaWiki namespace are allowed.', { title: 'Invalid withCSS value' } );
}
}

if ( extraJS ) {
if ( extraJS.match( /^MediaWiki:[^&<>=%#]*\.js$/ ) ) {
mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=' + extraJS + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript' );
} else {
mw.notify( 'Only pages from the MediaWiki namespace are allowed.', { title: 'Invalid withJS value' } );
}
}

/**
* WikiMiniAtlas
*
* Description: WikiMiniAtlas is a popup click and drag world map.
* This script causes all of our coordinate links to display the WikiMiniAtlas popup button.
* The script itself is located on the Meta-Wiki because it is used by many projects.
* See [[Meta:WikiMiniAtlas]] for more information.
* Note - use of this service is recommended to be replaced with mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer
*/
$( function () {
var requireWikiminiatlas = $( 'a.external.text[href*="geohack"]' ).length || $( 'div.kmldata' ).length;
if ( requireWikiminiatlas ) {
mw.loader.load( '//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wikiminiatlas.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript' );
}
} );

/**
* Collapsible tables; reimplemented with mw-collapsible
* Styling is also in place to avoid FOUC
*
* Allows tables to be collapsed, showing only the header. See [[Help:Collapsing]].
* @version 3.0.0 (2018-05-20)
* @source https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-collapsibleTables.js
* @author [[User:R. Koot]]
* @author [[User:Krinkle]]
* @author [[User:TheDJ]]
* @deprecated Since MediaWiki 1.20: Use class="mw-collapsible" instead which
* is supported in MediaWiki core. Shimmable since MediaWiki 1.32
*
* @param {jQuery} $content
*/
function makeCollapsibleMwCollapsible( $content ) {
var $tables = $content
.find( 'table.collapsible:not(.mw-collapsible)' )
.addClass( 'mw-collapsible' );

$.each( $tables, function ( index, table ) {
// mw.log.warn( 'This page is using the deprecated class collapsible. Please replace it with mw-collapsible.');
if ( $( table ).hasClass( 'collapsed' ) ) {
$( table ).addClass( 'mw-collapsed' );
// mw.log.warn( 'This page is using the deprecated class collapsed. Please replace it with mw-collapsed.');
}
} );
if ( $tables.length > 0 ) {
mw.loader.using( 'jquery.makeCollapsible' ).then( function () {
$tables.makeCollapsible();
} );
}
}
mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( makeCollapsibleMwCollapsible );

/**
* Add support to mw-collapsible for autocollapse, innercollapse and outercollapse
*
* Maintainers: TheDJ
*/
function mwCollapsibleSetup( $collapsibleContent ) {
var $element,
$toggle,
autoCollapseThreshold = 2;
$.each( $collapsibleContent, function ( index, element ) {
$element = $( element );
if ( $element.hasClass( 'collapsible' ) ) {
$element.find( 'tr:first > th:first' ).prepend( $element.find( 'tr:first > * > .mw-collapsible-toggle' ) );
}
if ( $collapsibleContent.length >= autoCollapseThreshold && $element.hasClass( 'autocollapse' ) ) {
$element.data( 'mw-collapsible' ).collapse();
} else if ( $element.hasClass( 'innercollapse' ) ) {
if ( $element.parents( '.outercollapse' ).length > 0 ) {
$element.data( 'mw-collapsible' ).collapse();
}
}
// because of colored backgrounds, style the link in the text color
// to ensure accessible contrast
$toggle = $element.find( '.mw-collapsible-toggle' );
if ( $toggle.length ) {
// Make the toggle inherit text color (Updated for T333357 2023-04-29)
if ( $toggle.parent()[ 0 ].style.color ) {
$toggle.css( 'color', 'inherit' );
$toggle.find( '.mw-collapsible-text' ).css( 'color', 'inherit' );
}
}
} );
}

mw.hook( 'wikipage.collapsibleContent' ).add( mwCollapsibleSetup );

/* End of mw.loader.using callback */
} );
/* DO NOT ADD CODE BELOW THIS LINE */

MediaWiki:Common.css

2024-04-05T14:21:42Z

Admin: Created page with "/* * This is the CSS common to all desktop skins on en.Wikipedia. * Styling inside .mw-parser-output should generally use TemplateStyles. */ /* Reset italic styling set by user agent */ cite, dfn { font-style: inherit; } /* Straight quote marks for <q> */ q { quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'"; } /* Avoid collision of blockquote with floating elements by swapping margin and padding */ blockquote { overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0 40px; } /* Consistent size for..."

/*
* This is the CSS common to all desktop skins on en.Wikipedia.
* Styling inside .mw-parser-output should generally use TemplateStyles.
*/
/* Reset italic styling set by user agent */
cite,
dfn {
font-style: inherit;
}

/* Straight quote marks for <q> */
q {
quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'";
}

/* Avoid collision of blockquote with floating elements by swapping margin and padding */
blockquote {
overflow: hidden;
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0 40px;
}

/* Consistent size for , and */
small {
font-size: 85%;
}

.mw-body-content sub,
.mw-body-content sup {
font-size: 80%;
}

/* Same spacing for indented and unindented paragraphs on talk pages */
.ns-talk .mw-body-content dd {
margin-top: 0.4em;
margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

/* Reduce page jumps by hiding collapsed/dismissed content */
.client-js .collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible).collapsed > tbody > tr:not(:first-child),

/* Avoid FOUC/reflows on collapsed elements. */
/* This copies MediaWiki's solution for T42812 to apply to innercollapse/outercollapse (T325115). */
/* TODO: Use :is() selector at some reasonable future when support is good for Most Clients */
/* Reference: https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/+/ecda06cb2aef55b77c4b4d7ecda492d634419ead/resources/src/jquery/jquery.makeCollapsible.styles.less#75 */
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > p,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > table,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) > thead + tbody,
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) tr:not( :first-child ),
.client-js .outercollapse .innercollapse.mw-collapsible:not( .mw-made-collapsible ) .mw-collapsible-content,

/* Hide charinsert base for those not using the gadget */
#editpage-specialchars {
display: none;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller
* Keep in sync with Template:Refbegin/styles.css
* And Template:Reflist/styles.css
*/
ol.references {
font-size: 90%;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Cite customizations for Parsoid
* Once everything uses the one true parser these are just customizations
*/
span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ] {
counter-reset: mw-ref-linkback 0;
}

span[ rel='mw:referencedBy' ] > a::before {
content: counter( mw-ref-linkback, lower-alpha );
font-size: 80%;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
}

a[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
font-weight: bold;
content: "^";
}

span[ rel="mw:referencedBy" ]::before {
content: "^ ";
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-alpha ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=decimal]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, decimal ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=upper-roman]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, upper-roman ) ']';
}

.mw-ref > a[data-mw-group=lower-greek]::after {
content: '[' counter( mw-Ref, lower-greek ) ']';
}

/* Styling for jQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */
.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsible-toggle:not(.mw-ui-button) {
font-weight: normal;
padding-right: 0.2em;
padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle .mw-collapsible-toggle {
/* @noflip */
float: left;
}

/* Lists in wikitable data cells are always left-aligned */
.wikitable td ul,
.wikitable td ol,
.wikitable td dl {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Change the external link icon to a PDF icon for all PDF files */
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
.mw-parser-output a[href*=".PDF#"].external {
background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Icon_pdf_file.png") no-repeat right;
/* @noflip */
padding: 8px 18px 8px 0;
}

/* System messages styled similarly to fmbox */
/* for .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, behavior of this line differs between
* the edit-protected notice and the special:Contribs for blocked users
* The latter has specificity of 3 classes so we have to triple up here.
*/
.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #bb7070;
background-color: #ffdbdb;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
border-color: #fc3;
background-color: #fef6e7;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views. */
#mw-subcategories,
#mw-pages,
#mw-category-media,
#filehistory,
#wikiPreview,
#wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Styling for tags in changes pages */
.mw-tag-markers {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in
[[MediaWiki:Group-checkuser.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-abusefilter-helper.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-patroller.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css]], [[MediaWiki:Group-extendedmover.css]],
[[MediaWiki:Group-extendedconfirmed.css]], and [[Mediawiki:Group-autoconfirmed.css]]. */
.checkuser-show,
.sysop-show,
.abusefilter-show,
.abusefilter-helper-show,
.patroller-show,
.templateeditor-show,
.extendedmover-show,
.extendedconfirmed-show,
.autoconfirmed-show,
.user-show {
display: none;
}

/* Hide the redlink generated by {{Editnotice}},
this overrides the ".sysop-show { display: none; }" above that applies
to the same link as well. See [[phab:T45013]]

Hide the images in editnotices to keep them readable in VE view.
Long term, editnotices should become a core feature so that they can be designed responsive. */
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .editnotice-redlink,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-image,
.ve-ui-mwNoticesPopupTool-item .mbox-imageright {
display: none !important;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors > li {
list-style: none;
}

/* larger inline math */
span.mwe-math-mathml-inline {
font-size: 118%;
}

/* Make <math display="block"> be left aligned with one space indent for
* compatibility with style conventions
*/
.mwe-math-fallback-image-display,
.mwe-math-mathml-display {
margin-left: 1.6em !important;
margin-top: 0.6em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
}

.mwe-math-mathml-display math {
display: inline;
}

@media screen {
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency,
* except on main, user, and portal namespaces
*/
body:not(.ns-0):not(.ns-2):not(.ns-100) .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: #fff url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png) repeat;
}

/* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" in skins that support it,
do not apply to print mode */
#siteSub {
display: block;
}
}

/* Hide FlaggedRevs notice UI when there are no pending changes */
.flaggedrevs_draft_synced,
.flaggedrevs_stable_synced,
/* "Temporary" to remove links in sidebar T255381 */
#t-upload,
/* Hide broken download box on Special:Book pending T285400 */
.mw-special-Book #coll-downloadbox {
display: none;
}

/*
* BELOW HERE THERE BE SOONTOBE TEMPLATESTYLES THINGS;
* SEE [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]]
*/

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
border-spacing: 3px;
background-color: #f8f9fa;
color: black;
/* @noflip */
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
/* @noflip */
float: right;
/* @noflip */
clear: right;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.5em;
width: 22em;
}

.infobox-header,
.infobox-label,
.infobox-above,
.infobox-full-data,
.infobox-data,
.infobox-below,
.infobox-subheader,
.infobox-image,
.infobox-navbar,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
vertical-align: top;
}

.infobox-label,
.infobox-data,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox th,
.infobox td {
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-above,
.infobox .infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
font-size: 125%;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
}

.infobox-title,
/* Remove element selector when every .infobox thing is using the standard module/templates */
.infobox caption {
padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-header,
.infobox .infobox-subheader,
.infobox .infobox-image,
.infobox .infobox-full-data,
.infobox .infobox-below {
text-align: center;
}

/* Remove .infobox when element selectors above are removed */
.infobox .infobox-navbar {
/* @noflip */
text-align: right;
}

/* Normal font styling for wikitable row headers with scope="row" tag */
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup] {
font-weight: normal;
/* @noflip */
text-align: left;
}

/* Remove underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link,
.IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places where desired (nowrap)
and links when we don't want them to (nowraplinks a) */
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a {
white-space: nowrap;
}

/* But allow wrapping where desired: */
.wrap,
.wraplinks a {
white-space: normal;
}

/* texhtml class for inline math (based on generic times-serif class) */
span.texhtml {
font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size: 118%;
line-height: 1;
white-space: nowrap;
/* Force tabular and lining display for texhtml */
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
font-kerning: none;
}

span.texhtml span.texhtml {
font-size: 100%;
}

@media screen {
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
background-image: none;
}
}

/* Put anything you mean to be a sitewide addition above the TemplateStyles
* comment above.
*/

John FORREST (1804-1865)

2024-04-05T14:12:15Z

Admin:

{{Infobox person
|name=John Forrest
|honorific_suffix = Companion of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Physician to the Queen
|birth_date= {{birth date|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1865|12|10|1804|6|20|df=yes}}
|birth_place=Stirling, Scotland
|death_place=Bath, Somerset, England
|resting_place = Locksbrook Cemetery, Bath
|resting_place_coordinates = 51.38518, -2.385399
|occupation = British military medical officer
|nationality = Scottish
|monuments = Forrest Hospital, St Julian's, Malta
|signature = John Forrest signature.gif
|module = {{infobox military person|embed=yes
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= British Army
|serviceyears=1825–1861
|rank= Inspector-General of Army Hospitals
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= Expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore Expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River Kaffir War Crimean War: Affair of Bulganac Crimean War: Battle of Balaclava Crimean War: Battle of Alma Crimean War: Battle of Inkerman Crimean War: Siege of Sevastopol
|awards=South Africa Medal Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol Turkish Crimean Medal Companion of the Order of the Bath 4th Class Order of the Medjidie
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
}}

'''Dr John Forrest''', Companion of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Physician to the Queen, was born on 20th June 1804 in Stirling<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Births, Stirling, OPR Ref. 490/0030 0336]]</ref>. He was the eighth child of '''[[John FORREST (1761-1822)|Dr John FORREST]]''' and '''Elizabeth GLAS'''.

He dedicated 36 years of service to the Royal Army Medical Corps, providing support to the British Army during numerous conflicts, including the Crimean War. He briefly held the position of overseeing Scutari Hospital where Florence Nightingale was stationed, and through his diligence and duty was made an Honorary Physician to the Queen. The Medical and Surgical Reporter hailed him as "One of the most distinguished medical officers of the British Army".

However, at the age of 18, as a student of Medicine aiming to deepen his medical knowledge, he became involved in grave-robbing in his hometown of Stirling. He faced charges for this crime, along with the local gravedigger and cemetery key keeper who were detained. He fled the country and was subsequently declared an outlaw. Although his accomplices were initially released, this action incited a riot in the town, compelling authorities to return them to jail for their own safety. A year later, Forrest received a pardon from the King, thanks to a successful petition by his Brother in law. The petition pleaded for clemency based on Forrest's age and his circumstances at the time of the crime.

== Resurrectionist ==

In 1822, when he was a student of medicine at Edinburgh University Forrest was involved in the removal of the body of Mary Witherspoon (née Stevenson) from Stirling Churchyard.<ref group = "nb">Before the Anatomy Act of 1832, the only legal supply of corpses for anatomical purposes were those condemned to death and dissection by the courts. While in the 1700s, hundreds had been executed for trivial crimes, by the 19th century only approximately 50 people were being hanged each year. With the expansion of the medical schools and private anatomical schools, as many as 500 cadavers were needed. This led to body snatching to fill the shortfall. Stealing a corpse was a misdemeanour at common law, not a felony, and was therefore only punishable with fine and imprisonment, rather than transportation or execution. The trade was a sufficiently lucrative business to run the risk of detection, particularly as the authorities tended to turn a blind eye to what they considered a necessary evil.</ref> The crime was discovered and John along with James Shiels, a street sweeper, Daniel Mitchell, a servant and changekeeper, and James McNab, the local gravedigger, were implicated as the culprits.<ref>[[Precognition against James Shiels, Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres, 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. AD14/23/61]]</ref>

A trial was held at the Stirling Spring Circuit Court on 19 April 1823; however, Forrest had absconded and was absent from the hearings. He was assumed to be heading for Paris whilst McNab and Mitchel were held prisoners in the Stirling Tolbooth. The court documents do not mention Shiels however. The crime had been discovered when the grave of Mary Stevenson, wife of Joseph Witherspoon, that had been dug only a week before, was observed to be a couple of inches below the surface. A rope was discovered near the surface and digging down to the coffin revealed it had been broken open and the body removed, however the clothes had been thrown back inside.<ref group="nb">One method body-snatchers used was to dig at the head end of a recent burial, digging with a wooden spade (quieter than metal). When they reached the coffin they broke it open, put a rope around the corpse and dragged it out. They were careful not to steal anything such as jewellery or clothes as this would leave them open to a felony charge.</ref><ref name="trial">[[Trial papers relating to Daniel Mitchell, James McNab, John Forrest for the crime of violation of sepulchres at Church yard, Stirling, 19 Apr 1823, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC26/1823/15]]</ref>

In McNab's statement he described Forrest as the ring-leader who had approached him a number of times trying to persuade him to assist in the removal of bodies from the church yard, offering him up to four guineas per body. In McNab's role as the church gravedigger he would have held the keys to the church yard which would be of great use in such a crime. Although McNab admitted being with Forrest, Mitchel and Shiels on the night before the crime was discovered, he protested his innocence and claimed the crime was conducted after he left the group.‎<ref name="trial" />

Mitchel's statement supports the claim that Forrest had offered a number of times three or four guineas for assistance in the removal of bodies from the graveyard. Mitchel also mentions one of Forrest's accomplices being "a tallish man with a great white coat with a number of capes and whom he heard to be called Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". This man was not located and assumed to be a fictitious character.‎<ref name="trial" /><ref group="nb">The character described could have been John Forrest's brother-in-law Dr. Alexander Johnston. Johnston was married to John's elder sister [[Marion FORREST (1798-1886)|Marion]]and was four years older than John. He had obtained his degree at Edinburgh University and it could be assumed he was still living there and so fitting the description of "Mr Johnston from Edinburgh". The "white coat" may imply a doctor's outfit, however prior to the late 19th century doctors actually wore black.</ref>

Mitchel goes on to describe how Forrest had offered him a large amount of whisky and so being intoxicated, he agreed to go with him, McNab and Shiels to the church yard where Mr Johnston gave him a pound note (which he admits he split with Shiels the following day). However, Mitchel denied assisting with the crime, saying he left immediately afterwards<ref name="trial" />.

As all evidence pointed towards Forrest being the principal offender in the case and that he had absconded, the court decreed that he should be declared an outlaw<ref>[[Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99#p103|Cases decided in the Court of Session – Patrick Shaw & Alex Dunlop (Vol II 12th Nov 1822 – 11th Mar 1824) No.99 p103]]</ref>. Outlawry was one of the harshest criminal penalties, as the eighteen year old Forrest would no longer be protected by the legal system and anyone could commit a crime against him (including murder) without any punishment. To be declared an outlaw was to suffer a form of civil or social death as the outlaw was debarred from all civilized society. No one was allowed to give him food, shelter, or any other sort of support—to do so was to commit the crime of aiding and abetting, and to be in danger of the ban oneself. As such, Forrest could not return to his family home in Stirling and had to support himself entirely.

The Lord Advocate also decided that because Forrest was absent, the trial against McNab and Mitchel who had merely been acting as agents was halted pro loco et tempore. In Scots law this phrase refers to a case where the trial is stopped but the prosecution retains the right to bring a fresh indictment against the accused. They were freed from jail; however this incensed the local populace who formed an angry mob and started to riot in the streets. The 77th Regiment were brought down from the Castle to disperse the rioters who fired on the mob in Spittal Street, but no-one was injured, the soldiers intentionally firing over the people's heads. For their own safety McNab and Mitchel had to take refuge in the jail they had just been released from<ref>[[Riot in Stirling - Broadside (1823)]]</ref><ref>[[Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898)#p254|Old Faces, Old Places and Old Stories of Stirling - William Drysdale (1898) p254]]</ref>.

In spite of his outlaw status, Forrest continued his education at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1823 he became a licentiate of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

In June 1824, Forrest's brother-in-law, Robert Adie, submitted a "memorial" (a petition) to the King to pardon Forrest. This included an assumption of guilt of the crime but pleaded clemency on a number of factors including:- Forrest's age at the time of the crime - being vulnerable to the influence of others; the fact his father had died only a month before the crime took place; the impact of Forrest's outlawry on his widowed mother; the state of anxiety Forrest had been suffering since his conviction - being rendered a fugitive not protected by the Law; and that another trial could stir up public emotions again as it did previously. Adie also included a number of Testimonials from distinguished medical teachers and responsible inhabitants of Stirling attesting to Forrest's good character and diligence as a student. One such character reference included the fact that Forrest had been providing medical assistance to the poor of Edinburgh:

{{quote|I hereby certify that Mr John Forrest attended my Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology in the winter of 1821 and Spring of 1822, also in the Winter of 1822 and Spring of 1823. That during these courses he was a diligent and faithful attendant. I also certify that Mr Forrest has attended many of the poor people who apply to me for medical assistance, with an attention and humanity that do him the highest credit. There is no young gentleman on whom I would devote the charge of patients with greater confidence.}}

The Petition was successful as on 22 June 1824 Forrest was granted a free pardon by the King.<ref>[[The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV)#p244|The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany – Archibald Constable and Company (July-December 1824, Vol XV) p244]]</ref><ref>[[Registrum Magni Sigilli (Paper Register), 17 Jun 1820-26 Sep 1825, National Archives Scotland Ref. C3/25/00191R&V]]</ref><ref>[[Book of Adjournal, 27 Jan 1823-12 Jul 1824, National Archives Scotland Ref. JC4/14/00405/L&00406/R]]</ref>

Forrest continued his education, and in 1825 was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene.

== Early Military Career ==

Much of John's Military Career is documented in his Obituary in the British Medical Journal<ref>[[British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865)#p323|British Medical Journal – Obituaries (23rd Sep 1865) p323]]</ref>:

In 1825 John Forrest was awarded a Doctorate from Edinburgh University<ref>[[UK Medical Register 1859#p105|UK Medical Register 1859 p105]]</ref>. His dissertation, written in Latin, was on the subject of gangrene<ref>[[Dissertatio medica inauguralis, quaedam de gangraena complectens]]</ref>.

On 10th November 1825 he joined the British Army as a Hospital Assistant. Shortly after, on 9th February 1826 he was promoted to Assistant Surgeon in the 20th Regiment of the Foot where he served in the expedition against the Rajah of Kolapore in 1827.

On 3rd September 1829 he was transferred to the 23rd Regiment of Foot, on the 11th October 1831 transferred to the 8th West India Regiment of Foot and on 9th July 1832 transferred to the hospital staff.

On 2nd July 1841 Dr was promoted to surgeon of the 2nd class and served in the 75th Regiment of Foot until 13th May 1842 when he transferred to the hospital staff in Cape of Good Hope.

He was employed during the expedition against the insurgent Boers beyond the Orange River in 1845, and in the Kaffir War of 1846, for which he received a medal.

Whilst in Cape Town, John became the Medical Attendant to Lady Sarah Lennox, daughter of the Duke of Richmond, and wife of Sir Peregrine Maitland. He was mentioned in a letter dated 17th January 1847 from Sir John Hall:

''“Dr. Forrest, who belongs to the Medical Staff here, and has made a good deal of money, I hear, by private practice, is indignant at being passed over by Atkinson, who is junior to him in the Service, and is going to make an application to return home on account of his health, to which I suppose I shall be compelled to give my assent. The other day he sent a regular reprimand to Sir James McGrigor for overlooking his individual merits, and promoting a junior Officer over his head, which he sent to me for transmission home. I, of course, returned it to him with a message that, however much he fancied Sir James deserved censure for the promotion he had made, I was not the channel through which such a communication should pass, but that if I could forward his views in getting an exchange, or even promotion, it would afford me much pleasure. It was rather a knowing dodge of the canny Scot, as all Sir James's anger would have fallen on me, and very properly, for transmitting such a document; but I have been severely bitten once by one of his countrymen for my good nature, and I will forgive the next who persuades me to commit myself again for his advantage.”''<ref>[[The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911)#p104|The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall – S.M. Mitra (1911) p104]]</ref>

On 21st May 1850 he was promoted to Surgeon of the First Class and served as hospital staff in Glasgow and Chatham, Kent.

== Crimean War ==

On 28th March 1854, Dr John Forrest was promoted to Deputy-Inspector of Army Hospitals and was ordered on 13th April 1854 to be in medical charge of the 3rd division of the Eastern army in Galipoli and Bulgaria, and accompanied the expedition to the Crimea in September 1854. In December 1854, he was posted to Scutari hospital, assuming the office of Principal Medical Officer. One of the junior doctors in his division, George Lawson, had a high opinion of Dr Forrest:

''“It requires a man of good capabilities to take charge. Had he been there before there would never have been a complaint against the place ... He has kindly promised to have me removed there, but this I am obliged to keep to myself, as it requires some management to be sent down. I shall first get sent down to Scutari with wounded and sick, and he will detain me there and give me, I have asked of him, one of the surgical wards.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p361|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p361]]</ref>

Unfortunately the conditions at Scutari Hospital (where Florence Nightingale had been posted) were too harsh for Dr Forrest and he resigned two weeks later following inflammation of the liver. His letter to Sir John Hall stated:

''“I am sorry I find I must divert to England for a change in climate as I am quite unfit to carry on duty here. Lawson and others seem to think there is serious disease of the kidney going on and I daresay they are right.”''<ref>[[The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911)#p352|The Crimean Doctors – John A Shepherd (1911) p352]]</ref>

Following his recovery, John was present at the affair of Bulganac, capture of Balaklava, battles of the Alma and Inkerman, and siege of Sebastopol. He was noticed in Lord Raglan’s despatch after Inkerman, ''“for his able exertions, as deserving to be most honourably mentioned”'' and was rewarded with the medal with three clasps, and on 5th Feb 1856 made an Ordinary Member of the Military Division of the Third Class (Companion of the Order of the Bath).

== Later Career ==

He became Inspector-General of Army Hospitals on 31st May 1858 and on 2nd Mar 1858 received the fourth-class order of the Medjuidie.

He was stationed at Malta until Dec 1861 having been promoted in 16th Nov 1859 to Honorary Physician to the Queen

== Career Timeline ==

{|
|- valign="top"
!Date
!Position
!Attached
!Awards
|- valign="top"
|10th November 1825
||Hospital-Assistant to the Forces<ref name="Hart's List">[[Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864)#554|Colonel H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List (1864),554]]</ref>
||
||

|- valign="top"
|9th February 1826
||Assistant Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||20th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826)#362|London Gazette, No.18221 (18th February 1826), 362]]</ref>

23rd Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829)#1789|London Gazette, No.18615 (29th September 1829), 1789]]</ref>

8th West India Regiment of Foot<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831)#279|Edinburgh Gazette, No.4007 (18th October 1831), 279]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832)#1674|London Gazette, No.18957 (20th July 1832), 1674]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|2nd July 1841
||Surgeon<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||75th Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841)#1721|London Gazette, No.19995 (2nd July 1841), 1721]]</ref>

Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842)#1297|London Gazette, No.20099 (13th May 1842), 1297]]</ref>

91st Regiment of Foot<ref>[[London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847)#1585|London Gazette, No.20729 (30th April 1847), 1585]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|21st May 1850
||Surgeon Major<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||Hospital Staff<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850)#1452|London Gazette, No.21097 (21st May 1850), 1452]]</ref>
||

|- valign="top"
|28th March 1854
||Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||3rd Division of Eastern Army
||South African Medal

Crimea Medal with clasps Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol<ref>[[Association Medical Journal (1st June 1855)]]</ref>

Turkish Crimean Medal

Companion of the Order of the Bath<ref>[[London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856)#427|London Gazette, No.21846 (5th February 1856), 427]]</ref>

4th Class Order of the Medjidie<ref>[[London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858)#1251-1253|London Gazette, No.22107 (2nd March 1858), 1251-1253]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1858
||Inspector-General of Hospitals<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||Honorary Physician to Her Majesty<ref>[[Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859)#1143|Edinburgh Gazette, No.6937 (19th August 1859), 1143]]</ref>

|- valign="top"
|31st December 1861
||Placed on Half-Pay<ref name="Hart's List"></ref>
||
||

|}

== Family ==

In St Ninians, Stirlingshire, John married on 7th March 1839, firstly, '''Ann MCLACHLAN'''<ref>[[Old Parochial Register, Marriages, St Ninians, OPR Ref. 488/0060 0300]]</ref> daughter of '''Captain Donald MCLACHLAN''' and (unknown) '''CAMPBELL'''.

In April 1839<ref>[[Notes and Queries (Volume CLXXI 12th September 1936) p192]]</ref>, Captain Donald McLachlan accompanied by his family and John and Ann Forrest left Stirling in the barque ''Ariadne'' and journeyed to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa where John and Ann disembarked. Donald and family continued to Australia reaching Port Phillip towards the end of 1839<ref>[[The Argus - Melbourne, Victoria (26th November 1937) p16]]</ref>.

In South Africa, Ann had two children:

:i. '''[[Mary Anne FORREST (1840-1891)|Mary Anne FORREST]]''', born 1840 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG11/2440/27/13]] (age transposed with Husband’s)</ref><ref>[[Public Record Office, England Census, PRO Ref. RG12/1937/145/19]]</ref>.
:ii. '''[[John FORREST (1841-1910)|John FORREST]]''', born on 2nd February 1841 in Cape Town, South Africa<ref>[[Gravestone of John and Eveline Forrest, Lacey Green]]</ref>.

Unfortunately, Ann died on 1st August 1842<ref>The Cape of Good Hope Government Gazette, Deaths Section 5th Aug 1842</ref> and was buried at St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town on 2nd Aug 1842<ref>Burial Register of St George’s Anglican Church, Cape Town</ref>.

In Gibraltar, he married secondly on 12th August 1858, '''Emma JENKIN''', daughter of '''George H. JENKIN'''<ref>[[General Register Office, Army Returns, Marriages, Gibraltar, 1850-1859 p1129]]</ref>

He died at 10 Queens Parade in Bath, Somerset, on 10th December 1865<ref>[[General Register Office, Deaths, Bath, GRO Ref. 1865/Q3/5C/431]]</ref>, leaving £8,000 to his daughter Mary Anne, £5,000 to his second wife Emma, and the remaining £5,000 of his estate to his son John.<ref>[[Last Will and Testament of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/6/4 non-Scottish Court]]</ref><ref>[[Inventory of Dr John Forrest (1865) Ref SC70/1/127 Edinburgh Sheriff Court Inventories]]</ref>.

== Notes ==

<references group="nb" />

== References ==

<references/>

Module:Coordinates/doc

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{{High-risk}}
{{Module rating|protected}}
{{Tracks and uses Wikidata|P625}}
{{Lua|Module:Math|Module:Arguments}}
{{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Coordinates/styles.css}}
'''Note:''' The code which this module's main function (<code>coord</code>) outputs is directly parsed and/or manipulated by [[Module:Location map]] and other functions of this module itself (<code>coord2text</code> and <code>coordinsert</code>). If the structure of the output changes (for example, to use [[:mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer|the <code><nowiki><mapframe></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> tags]]), please update the aforementioned scripts as well.

==Using the module with coordinsert==
When using the {{tl|Coord}} template inside another template, like an infobox, there may be parameters (like <code><var>type</var>:<var>airport</var></code>) which should be added automatically. To do so, do something like this:
<code>{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|<var>parameter1:value1|parameter2:value2|parameter3:value3…</var>}}|</code>

Do not add more vertical bars <code>|</code> than necessary.

==Using the module with coord2text to extract latitude or longitude==
Developers maintaining legacy code may need to extract latitude or longitude to use a parameters in other code, or a mathematical expression.
The module's "coord2text" function can be used to extract data from the {{tl|Coord}} template. To extract the latitude from a Coord template, use:

<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}}

To extract the longitude, use:

<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}}

== Modules using this module directly ==
* [[Module:HS listed building row]]

== Tracking categories ==
* {{clc|Pages with malformed coordinate tags}}
* {{clc|Coordinates not on Wikidata‎}}
* {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata‎}}
* {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value‎}}
* {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value‎}}

<includeonly>{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox2|sandbox=|
[[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Tracks and uses Wikidata

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<onlyinclude><includeonly>{{sister project
|position = {{{position|}}}
|image = [[File:Wikidata-logo-without-paddings.svg|30px|class=noviewer|alt=|link=]]
|text = This {{module other|module|template}} [[:Category:{{{cat|Wikidata tracking categories}}}|tracks]] and uses {{#if:{{{section|}}} | one or more [[Wikidata]] properties; see [[#{{{section}}}|§ {{{section}}}]] for details. | [[Wikidata]] propert{{#if:{{{2|}}}|ies|y}}: {{#invoke:Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}} }}
}}{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|testcases|doc=|#default={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Uses Wikidata||{{module other|[[Category:Modules using data from Wikidata]] [[Category:Modules tracking Wikidata]]|{{template other|[[Category:Templates using data from Wikidata]] [[Category:Templates tracking Wikidata]]}} }}
}}
}}</includeonly></onlyinclude>
{{Documentation}}

Template:GBR/doc

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{{documentation subpage}}{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{GBR}}</nowiki>}}

Alternatively, use {{tl|GBR2}} (e.g. in sport-related instances where the team is called "Great Britain" rather than "United Kingdom").
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{GBR2}}</nowiki>}}

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||


}}</includeonly>

Template:Flag template documentation

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<includeonly>{{documentation
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{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:High-use|num|x}}|many||{{High-use}}}}
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Renders a flag icon and wikilink to [[{{getalias|{{{1}}}}}|{{getalias|{{{1}}}|shortname}}]]. This template is equivalent to {{tlx|flag|{{{1}}}}}, but is named after the standard three letter {{#if:{{{2|}}}
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|[[ISO 3166-1 alpha-3]] country code and [[List of IOC country codes|IOC code]]
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|{{#if:{{{4|}}}
|{{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|{{{4}}}|
|You can also use {{tlx|{{{4}}}}} (which is a redirect to this template) because "{{{4}}}" is the [[List of FIFA country codes|FIFA code]] for {{{1}}}.
}}
}}
}}
}}
{{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}/doc
|{{ {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}/doc}} 
}}
==TemplateData==
{{TemplateData header}}
<templatedata>
{
"params": {},
"description": "Renders a flag icon and wikilink. Takes no parameters."
}
</templatedata>

==See also==
*[[Template:Country data {{{1}}}]]—for more options, such as historical flag variations where applicable
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template]]—for a complete discussion of the flag template system
*[[Wikipedia:Inline templates linking country articles]]—for a complete list of these "shorthand" flag templates
{{Sandbox other||[[Category:Flag template shorthands]]}}

| link box =
This documentation is generated by [[Template:Flag template documentation]]. Documentation specific to this template may be placed in this template's [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|/doc]] subpage and will be automatically transcluded. Any [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]] should also be added to the [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|/doc]] subpage.

}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Template:GBN

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{#invoke:flag||Great Britain}}<noinclude>
{{flag template documentation|Great Britain|GBN}}
</noinclude>

Template:GBR2

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Admin: 1 revision imported

#REDIRECT [[Template:GBN]]

Module:Transclusion count/data/G

2024-04-05T13:56:52Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

return {
["GA"] = 16000,
["GA-Class"] = 17000,
["GA/Topic"] = 20000,
["GAList/check"] = 46000,
["GAN_link"] = 105000,
["GAProgress"] = 3900,
["GAR_link"] = 105000,
["GATable/item"] = 4300,
["GBN"] = 8600,
["GBR"] = 10000,
["GBR2"] = 8500,
["GBurl"] = 4500,
["GCM"] = 3300,
["GDR"] = 2600,
["GEO"] = 2500,
["GEOnet2"] = 6300,
["GEOnet3"] = 43000,
["GER"] = 16000,
["GFDL"] = 33000,
["GFDL-self"] = 4600,
["GFDL-self-with-disclaimers"] = 6600,
["GFDL-with-disclaimers"] = 4600,
["GHS07"] = 2200,
["GHS_exclamation_mark"] = 2400,
["GNIS"] = 54000,
["GNIS_4"] = 2300,
["GNIS_URL"] = 90000,
["GRC"] = 6100,
["GRE"] = 5200,
["GRIN"] = 2900,
["GRT"] = 5700,
["GS"] = 6000,
["GT"] = 2200,
["GTC_link"] = 105000,
["Gain"] = 2100,
["Gallery"] = 14000,
["Game_log_end"] = 2800,
["Game_log_section_end"] = 4200,
["Game_log_section_start"] = 4200,
["Game_log_start"] = 4300,
["Ganl"] = 105000,
["Garl"] = 105000,
["Gastropods.com"] = 4600,
["Gbm4ibx"] = 25000,
["Gbmapping"] = 3800,
["Gbmappingsmall"] = 40000,
["Gbmapscaled"] = 7000,
["Gender"] = 258000,
["GeoGroup"] = 34000,
["GeoGroupTemplate"] = 10000,
["GeoSource"] = 3800,
["GeoSource/list"] = 3800,
["GeoSource/ref"] = 3800,
["Geodis"] = 36000,
["Geographic_Location"] = 6900,
["Geographic_location"] = 16000,
["Geological_category_see_also"] = 3600,
["Geological_range"] = 21000,
["German_National_Library_portal"] = 6100,
["GetAdjectiveFromCountryName"] = 8500,
["GetCountryNameFromAdjective"] = 45000,
["Get_QID"] = 351000,
["Get_parent_sport"] = 6600,
["Getalias"] = 33000,
["Getalias/core"] = 32000,
["Given_name"] = 19000,
["Globalize"] = 5200,
["Globalize/name"] = 2700,
["Glossary_link"] = 3300,
["Glottolink"] = 9300,
["Gnis"] = 18000,
["Goal"] = 41000,
["Goal/styles.css"] = 41000,
["Goca"] = 3200,
["Gold01"] = 17000,
["Gold1"] = 51000,
["Gold_medal"] = 5400,
["Good_article"] = 40000,
["Good_article_tools"] = 72000,
["Google"] = 2500,
["GoogleAnalyticsSummary"] = 52000,
["Google_Books"] = 2600,
["Google_Books_URL"] = 4600,
["Google_Scholar_ID"] = 7400,
["Google_Scholar_id"] = 3800,
["Google_books"] = 19000,
["Google_maps"] = 15000,
["Google_scholar_id"] = 2500,
["Gopwhig"] = 3300,
["Graph:Chart"] = 6400,
["Graph:PageViews"] = 5300,
["Graphic_novel_list"] = 3300,
["Graphic_novel_list/footer"] = 3200,
["Graphic_novel_list/header"] = 3300,
["Graphs_disabled"] = 53000,
["Gray"] = 40000,
["Great"] = 2300,
["Greater_color_contrast_ratio"] = 148000,
["Green"] = 12000,
["Gregorian_serial_date"] = 3200,
["Grey"] = 11000,
["Gridiron_alt_primary_color"] = 7600,
["Gridiron_alt_primary_style"] = 9200,
["Gridiron_alt_secondary_color"] = 13000,
["Gridiron_primary_color"] = 12000,
["Gridiron_primary_style"] = 34000,
["Gridiron_secondary_color"] = 28000,
["Gsd"] = 3100,
["Gtcl"] = 105000,
["Gutenberg"] = 2600,
["Gutenberg_author"] = 10000,
["Gutenberg_book"] = 2700,
["Module:GAN_link"] = 105000,
["Module:GHS_phrases"] = 3500,
["Module:GHS_phrases/data"] = 3500,
["Module:Gallery"] = 14000,
["Module:Gallery/styles.css"] = 14000,
["Module:Gapnum"] = 38000,
["Module:Geological_time"] = 3600,
["Module:GetParameters"] = 4710000,
["Module:GetShortDescription"] = 9100,
["Module:Goalscorers"] = 2000,
["Module:Good_article_topics"] = 50000,
["Module:Good_article_topics/data"] = 49000,
["Module:Graph"] = 9800,
["Module:Gridiron_color"] = 36000,
["Module:Gridiron_color/data"] = 37000,
["Module:Gutenberg"] = 12000,
}

Module:Flag

2024-04-05T13:56:52Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

local p = {}

function p._main(frame, name, mode, check)
local categories = {
Flagicon = '[[Category:Flagicons with missing country data templates]]',
Flagdeco = '[[Category:Flagdeco with missing country data templates]]',
}

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

--Get input arguments
local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame,{frameOnly = ((frame.args.frameonly or '') ~= ''), valueFunc =
function(key,value)
if value then
value = mw.text.trim(value)
--Change empty string to nil for all args except 'image' and 'border'
if key=="image" or key=="border" or value~="" then
return value
end
end
return nil
end
})

local preftext = ""

if name == 'Flag+link' then
args.pref = args[1]
elseif name == 'Flagathlete' then
args.preftext = args[1]
args[2] = args.code or args[2] or ""
args.variant = args.variant or args[3]
elseif name == 'Flagmedalist' then
preftext = (args[1] or "") .. " "
args[2] = args.code or args[2] or ""
args.variant = args.variant or args[3]
else
args.variant = args.variant or args[2]
args[2] = args[1] or ""
end

args[1] = mode .. (args.opts or '')
args.missingcategory = categories[name]
args.noredlink = args.noredlink or 'notext'

if args.placeholder and yesno(args.placeholder) ~= true then
args[1] = args[1] .. 'o'
end

if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
local unknown = '[[Category:Pages using ' .. mw.ustring.lower(name) .. ' template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_' ..
frame:getParent():getTitle() .. ']]'
else
local unknown = ''
end

if check then
local opts = {
unknown=unknown,
preview='Page using [[Template:' .. name .. ']] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"',
ignoreblank='y',
'1',
'2',
'variant',
'image',
'size',
'sz',
'border',
'align',
'al',
'width',
'w',
'alt',
'ilink',
'noredlink',
'missingcategory',
'name',
'clink',
'link',
'pref',
'suff',
'plink',
'the',
'section',
'altvar',
'avar',
'age',
'nalign',
'nal',
'text',
'nodata',
'opts',
'placeholder',
'getParent'
}

check = require('Module:Check for unknown parameters')._check(opts,args)
else
check = ''
end

return preftext .. require('Module:Flagg').luaMain(frame,args) .. check
end

function p.main(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flag', 'unc', false) end
p.flag = p.main
p[''] = p.main
function p.deco(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flagdeco', 'uxx', false) end
p.flagdeco = p.deco
function p.icon(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flagicon', 'cxxl', true) end
p.flagicon = p.icon
function p.pluslink(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flag+link', 'unpefo', false) end
p['+link'] = p.pluslink
p['flag+link'] = p.pluslink
function p.country(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flagcountry', 'unce', false) end
p.flagcountry = p.country
function p.athlete(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flagathlete', 'unape', false) end
p.flagathlete = p.athlete
function p.medalist(frame) return p._main(frame, 'Flagmedalist', 'unce', false) end
p.flagmedalist = p.medalist

return p

Module:Flagg

2024-04-05T13:56:52Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

local titleSelf = mw.title.new(... or mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle())
local titleCountryData = mw.title.new[[Module:CountryData]]
if titleSelf.isSubpage then
local sandbox = titleSelf.subpageText:match[[^sandbox]]
if sandbox then
titleCountryData = titleCountryData:subPageTitle(sandbox)
end
end
local CountryData = require(tostring(titleCountryData))
local p = {}

function p.main(frame)

--Get input arguments
local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame,{valueFunc =
function(key,value)
if value then
value = mw.text.trim(value)
--Change empty string to nil for all args except 'image' and 'border'
if key=="image" or key=="border" or value~="" then
return value
end
end
return nil
end
})

--Call main function
return p.luaMain(frame,args)

end

function p.luaMain(frame,args)

local function emp2nil(x)
if x=="" then return nil else return x end
end
local function space2emp(x)
if string.find(x,"^%s*$") then return "" else return x end
end
local function nopx(x)
if x~=nil and (string.find(x,"^%d+$") or string.find(x,"^%d+px$")) then return string.gsub(x,"^(.*)px","%1") else return nil end
end

--Country & mode parameters
local mode = string.lower(args[1] or "usc")
local mi = string.sub(mode,1,1)
local ms = string.sub(mode,2,2)
local mn = string.sub(mode,3,3)
local me = string.sub(mode,4,-1)

local country = args[2] or ""
local countryDataCountry = country
if string.find(me, "i") then
local titleIocCountryData = mw.title.new[[Module:Country alias/data]]
local IocCountryData = require(tostring(titleIocCountryData))
local iocCountryAlias = IocCountryData.countryAliases[country] or country
countryDataCountry = IocCountryData.countries[iocCountryAlias]["countrydata_name"] or IocCountryData.countries[iocCountryAlias]["name"]
end
local avar = args["avar"] or args["altvar"]
local clink = args["clink"] or args["link"]

--Get country data & altvar data
local data, alink, amap, asuf
if avar then
local age = args["age"] or ""
local aalias
amap, aalias = require("Module:Flagg/Altvar data").alttable(age)
avar = string.gsub(string.lower(avar or ""),"[ -]","")
avar = aalias[avar] or avar
if not amap[avar] then error("Unknown avar") end
local apar = {altvar=amap[avar].altvar;mw=amap[avar].mw;age=amap[avar].age;variant=args["variant"] or args[3]}
data = CountryData.getcachedtable(frame, countryDataCountry, apar)
asuf = amap[avar].altlink
alink = data["link alias-"..amap[avar].altvar] or (clink or data["shortname alias"] or data.alias or country).." "..asuf
else
data = (args["nodata"] and {}) or CountryData.getcachedtable(frame, countryDataCountry, {variant=args["variant"] or args[3]})
avar = ""
amap = {[""]={altvar=""}}
end

--Name and link parameters
clink = clink or data.alias or country

local pref = args["pref"]
local suff = args["suff"] or asuf
local pref2 = args["pref2"]
local suff2 = args["suff2"]
if not pref and not suff then --Default prefix
pref = "Flag of"
end
local yn_map = {[""]=0; ["0"]=0; ["no"]=0; ["n"]=0; ["1"]=1; ["yes"]=1; ["y"]=1}
local fthe = (args["pthe"] and yn_map[args["pthe"]]~=0) or (args["the"] and yn_map[args["the"]]~=0)
local nthe = (args["nthe"] and yn_map[args["nthe"]]~=0) or (args["the"] and yn_map[args["the"]]~=0)
fthe = fthe and (pref and "t" or "T").."he " or ""
nthe = nthe and (pref and "t" or "T").."he " or ""
local flink = args["plink"] or args["flink"] or alink
or clink=="" and "" or space2emp((pref or "").." ")..fthe..clink..space2emp(" "..(suff or ""))
local flink2
if args["plink2"] or args["flink2"] or pref2 or suff2 then
flink2 = args["plink2"] or args["flink2"] or clink=="" and "" or space2emp((pref2 or "").." ")..fthe..clink..space2emp(" "..(suff2 or ""))
else
flink2 = flink
end
local fsec = args["psection"] or args["section"]
local fsec2 = args["psection2"] or args["section"]
local csec = args["csection"] or args["section"]
fsec = fsec and "#"..fsec or ""
fsec2 = fsec2 and "#"..fsec2 or ""
csec = csec and "#"..csec or ""

if string.find(me,"f") then
if mw.title.new( flink ).exists == false then
if flink2 ~= flink and mw.title.new ( flink2 ).exists == true then
flink = flink2
fsec = fsec2
else
flink = clink
end
end
end

local name = args["name"]
if not name then
local cname = string.find(me,"e") and (data["name alias-"..amap[avar].altvar] or data["shortname alias"] or data.alias) or country
if mn == "f" then
name = cname=="" and "" or space2emp((pref or "").." ")..nthe..cname..space2emp(" "..(suff or ""))
else
name = cname
end
end

--Image parameters
local pimage = args["image"]
local placeholder = "Flag placeholder.svg"
local variant = args["variant"] or args[3] or ""
local image_map = {[""]=placeholder; ["none"]=placeholder; ["blank"]=placeholder}
if pimage then --Remove namespace
pimage = string.gsub(pimage,"^[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:","")
pimage = string.gsub(pimage,"^[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]:","")
end
local iname = image_map[pimage] or pimage

local size = args["size"] or args["sz"]
local size_map = {xs="12x8px"; s="17x11px"; m="23x15px"; l="32x21px"; xl="46x30px"}
if size==nil or string.find(size,"^%d*x?%d+px$") then
--valid EIS size (..px, x..px or ..x..px) or unset
elseif string.find(size,"^%d*x?%d+$") then --EIS size without "px" suffix
size=size.."px"
else --size from map, or invalid value
size = size_map[size] or nil
end
local border = args["border"]

if iname then
size = size or "23x15px"
if yn_map[border]==0 then border = "" else border = "|border" end
else
iname = data["flag alias-"..amap[avar].altvar.."-"..variant] or data["flag alias-"..variant] or data["flag alias-"..amap[avar].altvar] or data["flag alias"] or placeholder
size = size or emp2nil(data.size) or "23x15px"
if border then
if yn_map[border]==0 then border = "" else border = "|border" end
else
local autoborder = data["border-"..variant] or data["border-"..amap[avar].altvar] or data.border
if autoborder and autoborder~="border" then border = "" else border = "|border" end
end
end

local am = ""
if args["alt"] or string.find(me,"a") then
am = args["alt"] or args["name"] or country
am = am.."|"..am
end

--Build display name
local text = args["text"]
if not text then
if mn=="x" then --no text
text = ""
elseif mn=="p" or mn=="f" or mn == "*" then --prefix/suffix link
text = flink=="" and name or "[["..flink..fsec.."|"..name.."]]"
-- By the principle of least surprise, there should be some
-- indication that the link [[X of Country|Country]] does not
-- go to [[Country]].
if mn == "*" and clink ~= flink then
text = text:sub(1, -3) .. "\226\128\175*]]" end
elseif mn=="l" then --display link target
text = flink=="" and name or "[["..flink..fsec.."|"..(args["name"] or flink).."]]"
elseif mn=="b" then --both prefix/suffix and normal country link
local preflink = pref and (flink=="" and pref.." " or "[["..flink..fsec.."|"..pref.."]] ") or ""
local sufflink = suff and (flink=="" and " "..suff or " [["..flink..fsec.."|"..suff.."]]") or ""
local namelink = (name=="" and "" or nthe)..(clink=="" and name or "[["..clink..csec.."|"..name.."]]")
text = preflink..namelink..sufflink
elseif mn=="d" then --data template
local title = mw.title.new("Template:Country data "..country)
--check if redirect
if title.isRedirect then
text = "["..title:fullUrl("redirect=no").." "..name.."]"
else
text = "[["..title.fullText.."|"..name.."]]"
end
elseif mn=="u" then --unlinked
text = name
elseif mn=="a" then --abbr
text = name==country and (clink==country and country or "<abbr title='"..clink.."'>"..country.."</abbr>") or ("<abbr title='"..name.."'>"..country.."</abbr>")
else --country link (default)
text = clink=="" and name or "[["..clink..csec.."|"..name.."]]"
end
if string.find(me,"p") then
text = "("..text..")"
end
end

if type(text) == 'function' then
text = text(data)
end

--Define separator
local separator = " " --non-breaking space (n)
if ms=="x" then --no separator
separator = ""
elseif ms=="l" then --line break
separator = " "
end

--Add preftext, if used
local preftext = args["preftext"]
if (preftext or "") ~= "" then
text = preftext..separator..text
end

--Build image
local ilink = args["ilink"]
if not ilink then
if mi=="x" or (iname==placeholder and pimage~=placeholder) then --no image/invisible image
iname = placeholder
border = ""
ilink = "|link="
am = ""
elseif mi=="i" then --image page link
ilink = ""
elseif mi=="c" then --country link
ilink = "|link="..clink..(clink=="" and "" or csec)
elseif mi=="p" or mi=="f" then --prefix/suffix link
ilink = "|link="..flink..(flink=="" and "" or fsec)
elseif mi=="d" then --data template
local title = mw.title.new("Template:Country data "..country)
--check if redirect
if title.isRedirect then
ilink = "|link="..title:fullUrl("redirect=no")
else
ilink = "|link="..title.fullText
end
else --unlinked (default)
ilink = "|link="
end
end
if am == "" and string.find(me,"l") then
am = mw.ustring.sub(ilink,7,-1)
end
local image = "[[File:"..iname.."|"..size..border..ilink.."|alt="..am.."]]"

if iname==placeholder then
if require('Module:yesno')(args["noredlink"]) == false or args["noredlink"] == "notext" then
if country ~= '' and data.alias == nil then
iname = ''
image = "[[:Template:Country data "..country.."]]"
if args["noredlink"] == "notext" then
text = ''
end
end
end
if (args["missingcategory"] or '') ~= '' then
image = image..args["missingcategory"]
end
if string.find(me,"b") then
text = ''
end
end

--Combine image and name with separator
local align_map = {left="left", l="left", center="center", centre="center", c="center", middle="center", m="center", right="right", r="right"}
local align = align_map[args["align"] or args["al"]]
local nalign = align_map[args["nalign"] or args["nal"]]
local out
if string.find(me,"r") then
--image right of name
if (ms=="x" and mi=="x") or (string.find(me,"o") and iname==placeholder and pimage~=placeholder) then --name only
out = text
elseif ms=="x" or ms=="n" or ms=="l" then --no separator, non-breaking space, or line break
out = text..""..separator..image..""
elseif ms=="t" then --table cell
out = "style=\"text-align:"..(nalign or "left").."\"|"..text.."||style=\"text-align:"..(align or "center").."\"|"..image..""
else --fixed-width span box (default)
local width = args["width"] or args["w"] or require("Module:Flaglist").luawidth(size)
out = text.." "..image..""
end
else --image left of name
if (ms=="x" and mi=="x") or (string.find(me,"o") and iname==placeholder and pimage~=placeholder) then --name only
out = text
elseif ms=="x" or ms=="n" or ms=="l" then --no separator, non-breaking space, or line break
out = ""..image..separator..""..text
elseif ms=="t" then --table cell
out = "style=\"text-align:"..(align or "center")..";\"|"..image.."||style=\"text-align:"..(nalign or "left").."\"|"..text
else --fixed-width span box (default)
local width = nopx(args["width"] or args["w"]) or require("Module:Flaglist").luawidth(size)
out = ""..image.." "..text
end
end
if string.find(me,"w") then --avoid wrapping
out = ""..out..""
end

-- align in table
if me:find("t") then
out = 'style="text-align:'..(align or 'left')..'"|'..out
end

--Tracking categories
local cat = ""
if pimage and not image_map[pimage] and country~="" and data["flag alias"] and not args.demo then
cat = "[[Category:Pages using Flagg with specified image instead of data template image]]"
end

return out..cat

end

return p

Template:Country data Great Britain

2024-04-05T13:56:51Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{safesubst<noinclude />: {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = United Kingdom
| shortname alias = Great Britain
| flag alias = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| link alias-football = Great Britain {{#ifeq:{{{mw|}}}|women's|women's Olympic|men's Olympic}} football team
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
<noinclude>
| redir1 = GBR
| redir2 = Great Britain and N.I.
| related1 = United Kingdom
| related2 = Kingdom of Great Britain
</noinclude>
}}

Module:CountryData/summary

2024-04-05T13:56:51Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

local p = {}
p.pages = {Afghanistan='K', Albania='H', Algeria='F', Angola='K', Argentina='B', Armenia='G', Australia='A', Austria='B', Azerbaijan='F', Bahrain='K', Bangladesh='I', Belarus='D', Belgium='B', Bolivia='J', Bosnia_and_Herzegovina='F', Brazil='B', Bulgaria='D', Cameroon='I', Canada='A', Chile='D', China='B', Chinese_Taipei='H', Colombia='D', Costa_Rica='I', Croatia='D', Cuba='G', Cyprus='G', Czech_Republic='B', Czechoslovakia='H', Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo='K', Denmark='C', Dominican_Republic='H', East_Germany='K', Ecuador='G', Egypt='E', El_Salvador='J', England='B', Estonia='E', Ethiopia='J', Fiji='K', Finland='C', France='A', Germany='A', Ghana='G', Great_Britain='C', Greece='D', Guatemala='J', Honduras='K', Hong_Kong='F', Hungary='C', Iceland='G', India='A', Indonesia='E', Iran='B', Iraq='J', Ireland='E', Israel='D', Italy='A', Ivory_Coast='I', Jamaica='G', Japan='A', Jordan='K', Kazakhstan='E', Kenya='H', Kuwait='K', Latvia='F', Lebanon='J', Lithuania='F', Luxembourg='G', Malaysia='E', Mali='K', Malta='I', Mexico='C', Moldova='I', Montenegro='H', Morocco='F', Myanmar='J', Nepal='I', Netherlands='A', New_Zealand='C', Nigeria='E', North_Korea='J', North_Macedonia='I', Northern_Ireland='J', Norway='C', Pakistan='F', Panama='I', Paraguay='G', Peru='E', Philippines='E', Poland='A', Portugal='C', Puerto_Rico='H', Qatar='I', Republic_of_Ireland='F', Romania='C', Russia='A', Saudi_Arabia='H', Scotland='D', Senegal='I', Serbia='D', Singapore='F', Slovakia='D', Slovenia='D', South_Africa='C', South_Korea='C', Soviet_Union='E', Spain='A', Sri_Lanka='H', Sweden='B', Switzerland='B', Syria='J', Taiwan='K', Tanzania='K', Thailand='D', Trinidad_and_Tobago='J', Tunisia='G', Turkey='B', Uganda='J', Ukraine='C', United_Arab_Emirates='H', United_Kingdom='B', United_States='A', Uruguay='F', Uzbekistan='H', Venezuela='E', Vietnam='G', Wales='E', West_Germany='G', Yugoslavia='H', Zimbabwe='I', ['Georgia_(country)']='F'}
p.redirects = {AFG='Afghanistan', ALB='Albania', ALG='Algeria', AND='Andorra', ANG='Angola', ARG='Argentina', ARM='Armenia', ARU='Aruba', ATG='Antigua and Barbuda', AUS='Australia', AUT='Austria', AZE='Azerbaijan', BAH='Bahamas', BAN='Bangladesh', BAR='Barbados', BDI='Burundi', BEL='Belgium', BEN='Benin', BER='Bermuda', BFA='Burkina Faso', BHR='Bahrain', BIH='Bosnia and Herzegovina', BLR='Belarus', BOL='Bolivia', BOT='Botswana', BRA='Brazil', BRU='Brunei', BUL='Bulgaria', BWA='Botswana', CAM='Cambodia', CAN='Canada', CAY='Cayman Islands', CGO='Republic of the Congo', CHE='Switzerland', CHI='Chile', CHL='Chile', CHN='China', CIS='Commonwealth of Independent States', CIV='Ivory Coast', CMR='Cameroon', COD='Democratic Republic of the Congo', COK='Cook Islands', COL='Colombia', CPV='Cape Verde', CRC='Costa Rica', CRO='Croatia', CSA='Confederate States of America', CSK='Czechoslovakia', CUB='Cuba', CUR='Curaçao', CYP='Cyprus', CZE='Czech Republic', Congo='Republic of the Congo', DEN='Denmark', DEU='Germany', DNK='Denmark', DOM='Dominican Republic', DRC='Democratic Republic of the Congo', ECU='Ecuador', EGY='Egypt', ENG='England', ESA='El Salvador', ESP='Spain', EST='Estonia', ETH='Ethiopia', EU='European Union', FIJ='Fiji', FIN='Finland', FJI='Fiji', FRA='France', FRG='West Germany', FRO='Faroe Islands', GAB='Gabon', GAM='Gambia', GBR='Great Britain', GDR='East Germany', GEO='Georgia (country)', GER='Germany', GHA='Ghana', GIB='Gibraltar', GRC='Greece', GRE='Greece', GRN='Grenada', GUA='Guatemala', GUI='Guinea', GUM='Guam', GUY='Guyana', Georgia='Georgia (country)', HAI='Haiti', HKG='Hong Kong', HON='Honduras', HRV='Croatia', HUN='Hungary', IDN='Indonesia', INA='Indonesia', IND='India', IRE='Ireland', IRI='Iran', IRL='Republic of Ireland', IRN='Iran', IRQ='Iraq', ISL='Iceland', ISR='Israel', ITA='Italy', JAM='Jamaica', JOR='Jordan', JP='Japan', JPN='Japan', KAZ='Kazakhstan', KEN='Kenya', KGZ='Kyrgyzstan', KOR='South Korea', KOS='Kosovo', KSA='Saudi Arabia', KUW='Kuwait', LAO='Laos', LAT='Latvia', LBN='Lebanon', LBR='Liberia', LBY='Libya', LCA='Saint Lucia', LIB='Lebanon', LIE='Liechtenstein', LIT='Lithuania', LTU='Lithuania', LUX='Luxembourg', LVA='Latvia', MAC='Macau', MAD='Madagascar', MAR='Morocco', MAS='Malaysia', MCO='Monaco', MDA='Moldova', MDV='Maldives', MEX='Mexico', MGL='Mongolia', MKD='North Macedonia', MLI='Mali', MLT='Malta', MNE='Montenegro', MON='Monaco', MOZ='Mozambique', MRI='Mauritius', MYA='Myanmar', MYS='Malaysia', NAM='Namibia', NCA='Nicaragua', NCL='New Caledonia', NED='Netherlands', NEP='Nepal', NGA='Nigeria', NGR='Nigeria', NIC='Nicaragua', NIG='Niger', NIR='Northern Ireland', NLD='Netherlands', NOR='Norway', NZ='New Zealand', NZL='New Zealand', OMA='Oman', PAK='Pakistan', PAN='Panama', PAR='Paraguay', PER='Peru', PHI='Philippines', PHL='Philippines', PLE='Palestine', PNG='Papua New Guinea', POL='Poland', POR='Portugal', PRC='China', PRI='Puerto Rico', PRK='North Korea', PRT='Portugal', PUR='Puerto Rico', QAT='Qatar', ROC='Republic of China', ROM='Romania', ROU='Romania', RSA='South Africa', RUS='Russia', RWA='Rwanda', SAM='Samoa', SCG='Serbia and Montenegro', SCO='Scotland', SEN='Senegal', SER='Serbia', SGP='Singapore', SIN='Singapore', SKN='Saint Kitts and Nevis', SLE='Sierra Leone', SLO='Slovenia', SLV='El Salvador', SMR='San Marino', SPA='Spain', SRB='Serbia', SRI='Sri Lanka', SUD='Sudan', SUI='Switzerland', SUR='Suriname', SVK='Slovakia', SVN='Slovenia', SWE='Sweden', SWI='Switzerland', SYR='Syria', TAN='Tanzania', TCH='Czechoslovakia', THA='Thailand', TJK='Tajikistan', TKM='Turkmenistan', TOG='Togo', TON='Tonga', TPE='Chinese Taipei', TRI='Trinidad and Tobago', TTO='Trinidad and Tobago', TUN='Tunisia', TUR='Turkey', TWN='Taiwan', UAE='United Arab Emirates', UGA='Uganda', UK='United Kingdom', UKGBI='United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland', UKR='Ukraine', UN='United Nations', URS='Soviet Union', URU='Uruguay', US='United States', USA='United States', USSR='Soviet Union', UZB='Uzbekistan', VAN='Vanuatu', VEN='Venezuela', VIE='Vietnam', WAL='Wales', WIN='West Indies', Washington='Washington (state)', YEM='Yemen', YUG='Yugoslavia', ZAF='South Africa', ZAM='Zambia', ZIM='Zimbabwe', ['Côte d\'Ivoire']='Ivory Coast', ['DR Congo']='Democratic Republic of the Congo', ['New York']='New York (state)', ['People\'s Republic of China']='China', ['SFR Yugoslavia']='Yugoslavia', ['Timor-Leste']='East Timor', ['United States Virgin Islands']='U.S. Virgin Islands', ['United States of America']='United States'}
return p

Module:CountryData

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Admin: 1 revision imported

local p = {}
local mostUsed = mw.loadData('Module:CountryData/summary')

local function getcontents(frame,country,params)
return frame:expandTemplate({title="Country data "..country;args=params})
end

function p.getcachedtable(frame, country, params)
country = mostUsed.redirects[country] or country
if params and next(params) then return p.gettable(frame, country, params) end
-- Uses mw.loadData to cache data for the most-used templates
if mostUsed.pages[country] then
local cache = mw.loadData('Module:CountryData/cache' .. mostUsed.pages[country])
if cache.data[country] then return cache.data[country] end
end
-- if not in cache
return p.gettable(frame, country, params)
end

function p.gettable(frame,country,params)
--Returns the parameters of a country data template as a Lua table
--If not a valid data template, return empty table
local bool, s = pcall(getcontents,frame,country,params or {})
if bool and (string.find(s,"^%{%{ *%{%{%{1") or string.find(s,"^%{%{safesubst: *%{%{%{1"))
then
--Replace parameter delimiters with arbitrary control characters
--to avoid clashes if param values contain equals/pipe signs
s = string.gsub(s,"|([^|=]-)=","\1\1%1\2")
s = string.gsub(s,"}}%s*$","\1")
--Loop over string and add params to table
local part = {}
for par in string.gmatch(s,"\1[^\1\2]-\2[^\1\2]-\1") do
local k = string.match(par,"\1%s*(.-)%s*\2")
local v = string.match(par,"\2%s*(.-)%s*\1")
if v and not (v=="" and string.find(k,"^flag alias")) then
part[k] = v
end
end
return part
else
return {}
end
end

function p.getalias(frame)
--Returns a single parameter value from a data template
local part = p.gettable(frame,frame.args[1])
if frame.args.variant
then return tostring(part[frame.args[2].."-"..frame.args.variant]
or part[frame.args[2]] or frame.args.def)
else return tostring(part[frame.args[2]] or frame.args.def)
end
end

function p.gettemplate(frame)
--For testing, recreates the country data from the created Lua table
--Get data table
local data = p.gettable(frame,frame.args[1])
--Concatenate fields into a template-like string
local out = "{{ {{{1}}}"
for k,v in pairs(data) do
out = out.."\n| "..k.." = "..v
end
return out.."\n}}"
end

return p

Template:Getalias/core

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{{{{{name|}}} alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{{{{name|}}} alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation|content=This template is used internally by [[Template:getalias]]. It is not intended to be transcluded directly.}}
[[Category:Flag template system]]
[[Category:Flag template system cores]]
</noinclude>

Template:Getalias

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{country data {{{1}}}|getalias/core|name={{{2|}}}|variant={{{variant|{{{3|}}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Template:GBR

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{#invoke:flag|main|United Kingdom}}<noinclude>
{{flag template documentation|United Kingdom|GBR|GBR|}}
</noinclude>

Template:Army/doc

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{documentation subpage}}
{{High-use|10,000}}
==Usage==
<kbd><nowiki>{{army|nation|variant|size=optional|name=optional}}</nowiki></kbd>

Produces a flag icon attached to a wikilinked national army article.
;Parameters
*''nation'' — Use either the name of the nation or the three-letter [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-3]] country code
*''variant'' (optional) — Specifies an alternate (historical) army flag to use. This parameter is documented by the appropriate template in [[:Category:Country data templates]]. Note that the standard behaviour of this template is to use the <code>army</code> variant if present, so there is no need to specify this variant in the template call.
*''size'' (optional) — Can be used to change the flag icon size
*''name'' (optional) — Can be used to change the wikilink display text

==Examples==
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|United Kingdom}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|United Kingdom}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|US}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|US}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|CHN}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|CHN}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Republic of China (1912–1949)}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Republic of China (1912–1949)}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Empire of Japan}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Empire of Japan}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|India}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|India}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Pakistan}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Pakistan}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Bangladesh}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Bangladesh}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Canada}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Canada}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Spain}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Spain}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|France}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|France}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{army|Switzerland}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{army|Switzerland}}
==Other related templates==
The {{tl|flagicon}} template can be used to display the flag by itself, using the <kbd>army</kbd> variant as a template parameter:
*<kbd><nowiki>{{flagicon|United Kingdom|army}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{flagicon|United Kingdom|army}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{flagicon|United States|army}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{flagicon|United States|army}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|army}}
*<kbd><nowiki>{{flagicon|Taiwan|army}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{flagicon|Taiwan|army}}

==Implementation notes==
By default, this template shows the standard national flag for the selected country, following by a wikilink to "''Country'' Army". Either or both of these items can be changed by adding specific parameters to the appropriate <kbd>country_data</kbd> template (complete set found in [[:Category:Country data templates]]).

To use a different flag, such as an army-specific flag for the nation, use:
:<kbd>flag alias-army = ''image name''</kbd>
To use a different name for the wikilinked army article, use:
:<kbd>link alias-army = ''article name''</kbd>

== Template Data ==
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
<templatedata>
{
"params": {
"1": {
"label": "nation",
"description": "Use either the name of the nation or the three-letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code",
"required": true,
"example": "\"Taiwan\", \"USA\", \"CHN\", \"French Republic\", \"MEX\"",
"type": "line"
},
"2": {
"aliases": [
"variant"
],
"label": "variant",
"description": "Specifies an alternate (historical) army flag to use. This parameter is documented by the appropriate template in [[Category:Country data templates]]. Note that the standard behaviour of this template is to use the <code>army</code> variant if present, so there is no need to specify this variant in the template call.",
"type": "line"
},
"size": {
"description": "(optional) Can be used to change the flag icon size",
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"description": "(optional) Can be used to change the wikilink display text",
"type": "line"
}
},
"description": "Produces a flag icon attached to a wikilinked national army article.",
"format": "inline"
}
</templatedata>

==See also==
* [[Template:Air force]]
* [[Template:Navy]]

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Flag template system]]
[[Category:Army templates]]

}}</includeonly>

Template:TemplateDataHeader

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Admin: 1 revision imported

#REDIRECT [[Template:TemplateData header]]
{{R from move}}

Template:Country data Republic of China (1912–1949)

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>
|country showdata
</noinclude>}}}
| alias = {{#ifeq:{{{variant|}}}|1912|Beiyang government|{{#ifeq:{{{variant|}}}|1928|Nationalist government|Republic of China (1912–1949)}}}}
| shortname alias = China
| flag alias = Flag of the Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-1912 = Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg
| link alias-1912 = Beiyang government
| flag alias-1928 = Flag of the Republic of China.svg
| link alias-1928 = Nationalist government
| flag alias-military = Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg
| link alias-military = National Revolutionary Army
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg
| link alias-army = Republic of China Army
| flag alias-army old = Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 19 dots.svg
| link alias-army old = Beiyang Army
| flag alias-naval= Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg
| link alias-naval = Republic of China Navy
| link alias-navy = Republic of China Navy
| flag alias-air force = Republic of China Air Forces Flag (1937).svg
| link alias-air force = Republic of China Air Force
| flag alias-air force old = Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg
| link alias-air force old = Beiyang Army
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the Republic of China.svg
| link alias-football = China {{{mw|}}} national football team
| name alias-football = China
| link alias-tennis = China {{{mw}}} Cup team
| name alias-tennis = China
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1912
| var2 = 1928
| var3 = army old
| var4 = air force old
| var5 = civil
| related1 = Republic of China
| related2 = China
| related3 = Taiwan
| cat = China republic 1912
</noinclude>
}}<noinclude>

</noinclude>

Template:Country data Empire of Japan

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Empire of Japan
| shortname alias = Japan
| flag alias = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg
| link alias-naval = Imperial Japanese Navy
| flag alias-army = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg
| link alias-army = Imperial Japanese Army
| flag alias-air force = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg
| link alias-air force = Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
| flag alias-navy = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg
| link alias-navy = Imperial Japanese Navy
| flag alias-marines = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg
| link alias-marines = Special Naval Landing Forces
| link alias-military=Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| related1 = Japan
| cat = Japan empire
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data CHN

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Admin: 1 revision imported

#REDIRECT [[Template:Country data China]]
[[category:country data redirects|CHN]]

Template:Army/core

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Admin: 1 revision imported

[[File:{{{flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-army|{{{flag alias}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|{{{size flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias-army|{{#if:{{{flag alias-army|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias|23x17px}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{border-army-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}}}}}}} |alt=|link=]] [[{{{link alias-army|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}} Army}}}{{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{!}}{{{name}}} }}]]<noinclude>{{pp-semi-indef}}{{Documentation|content=This is a meta-template used internally by [[Template:army]]. It is not intended to be transcluded directly from the main article space.}}
[[Category:Flag template system]]
[[Category:Flag template system cores]]</noinclude>

Template:Country data Canada

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Canada
| flag alias = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-1867-official = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-1868 = Canadian Red Ensign (1868–1921).svg
| flag alias-1905 = Canadian Red Ensign (1905–1922).svg
| flag alias-1907 = Canadian Red Ensign (1907–1921).png
| flag alias-1921 = Canadian Red Ensign (1921–1957).svg
| flag alias-1957 = Canadian Red Ensign (1957–1965).svg
| flag alias-1964 = Flag of Canada (1964).svg
| flag alias-1965 = Flag of Canada (WFB 2000).png
| flag alias-2004 = Flag of Canada (WFB 2004).gif
| flag alias-armed forces = Canadian Forces Flag.svg
| link alias-armed forces = Canadian Armed Forces
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Canada.svg
| link alias-naval = Royal Canadian Navy
| flag alias-naval-1868 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1868–1921).svg
| flag alias-naval-1911 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1921 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1921–1957).svg
| flag alias-naval-1957 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1957–1965).svg
| flag alias-naval-1965 = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-coast guard = Coastguard Flag of Canada.svg
| link alias-coast guard = Canadian Coast Guard
| flag alias-air force = Royal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg
| flag alias-air force-1924 = Ensign of the Royal Canadian Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Royal Canadian Air Force
| flag alias-army-1939 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1939–1944).svg
| flag alias-army-1968 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1968–1998).svg
| flag alias-army-1989 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1968–1998).svg
| flag alias-army-2013 = Flag of the Canadian Army (2013–2016).svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Canadian Army.svg
| link alias-army = Canadian Army
| flag alias-military = Flag of the Canadian Forces.svg
| link alias-military = Canadian Armed Forces
| flag alias-navy = Naval ensign of Canada.svg
| link alias-navy = Royal Canadian Navy
| link alias-football = Canada {{{mw|men's}}} national {{{age|}}} soccer team
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1867-official
| var2 = 1868
| var3 = 1905
| var4 = 1907
| var5 = 1921
| var6 = 1957
| var7 = 1964
| var8 = 1965
| var9 = 2004
| var10 = naval-1868
| var11 = naval-1911
| var12 = naval-1921
| var13 = naval-1957
| var14= naval-1965
| var15 = air force-1924
| var16 = army-1939
| var17 = army-1968
| var18 = army-1989
| var19 = army-2013
| redir1 = CAN
| redir2 = Province of Canada
| redir3 = Dominion of Canada
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data United Kingdom

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Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = United Kingdom
| flag alias = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-1707 = Naval ensign of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg
| flag alias-air force = Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the British Army.svg
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-civil-air = Civil Air Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-coast guard = Flag of Her Majesty's Coastguard.svg
| flag alias-consulate = UK-Consular.svg
| flag alias-embassy = British Ambassador Flag.svg
| flag alias-government = Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-marines = Flag of the Royal Marines.svg
| flag alias-military = Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-GS = Government Service Ensign.svg
| flag alias-merchant = Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-RFA = British-Royal-Fleet-Auxiliary-Ensign.svg
| flag alias-RMAS = British Royal Maritime Auxiliary Ensign.svg
| flag alias-RNLI = Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg
| flag alias-naval-1707 = Naval ensign of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg
| flag alias-naval-GS = Government Service Ensign.svg
| flag alias-naval-merchant = Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-RFA = British-Royal-Fleet-Auxiliary-Ensign.svg
| flag alias-naval-RMAS = British Royal Maritime Auxiliary Ensign.svg
| flag alias-naval-RNLI = Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg
| flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| link alias-air force = Royal Air Force
| link alias-army = British Army
| link alias-coast guard = His Majesty's Coastguard
| link alias-marines = Royal Marines
| link alias-military = British Armed Forces
| link alias-navy = Royal Navy
| link alias-naval = {{#switch:{{{variant|}}}
| merchant = Merchant Navy (United Kingdom){{!}}Merchant Navy
| reserve = Royal Naval Reserve
| RFA = Royal Fleet Auxiliary
| RMAS = Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service
| RNLI = Royal National Lifeboat Institution
| naval-merchant = Merchant Navy (United Kingdom){{!}}Merchant Navy
| naval-reserve = Royal Naval Reserve
| naval-RFA = Royal Fleet Auxiliary
| naval-RMAS = Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service
| naval-RNLI = Royal National Lifeboat Institution
| #default = Royal Navy
}}
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Britain|United Kingdom|{{{name|}}}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = civil
| var2 = government
| var3 = 1707
| var4 = civil-air
| var5 = embassy
| var6 = consulate
| var7 = GS
| var8 = merchant
| var9 = RFA
| var10 = RMAS
| var11 = RNLI
| var12 = naval-1707
| var13 = naval-GS
| var14 = naval-merchant
| var15 = naval-RFA
| var16 = naval-RMAS
| var17 = naval-RNLI
| redir1 = UK
| redir2 = U.K.
| redir3 = the United Kingdom
| related1 = Great Britain
| related2 = London
| related3 = Kingdom of Great Britain
| related4 = British Empire
| related5 = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
| related6 = Kingdom of England
| related7 = Kingdom of Scotland
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data Taiwan

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Taiwan
| flag alias = Flag of the Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg
| link alias-army = Republic of China Army
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Republic of China Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Republic of China Air Force
| link alias-naval = Republic of China Navy
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-japan = Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg
| link alias-japan = Taiwan under Japanese rule
| flag alias-navy=Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg
| link alias-navy=Republic of China Navy
| flag alias-marines=Flag of the Republic of China Marine Corps.svg
| link alias-marines=Republic of China Marine Corps
| link alias-football = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national {{{age|}}} football {{{class|}}} team
| link alias-basketball = Chinese Taipei {{{mw}}} national {{{age|}}} basketball team
| link alias-rugby union = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national {{{age|}}} rugby union team
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Republic of China|Taiwan|{{{name|}}}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
<noinclude>
| redir1 = TWN
| var1 = civil
| var2 = japan
| related1 = Republic of China
| related2 = Chinese Taipei
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data India

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = India
| flag alias = Flag of India.svg
| flag alias-1880 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag alias-British = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag alias-1931 = 1931 Flag of India.svg
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of India.svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of Indian Army.svg
| link alias-army = Indian Army
| flag alias-naval-1879 = Flag of Imperial India.svg
| flag alias-naval-1884 = Flag of Imperial India.svg
| flag alias-naval-1928 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1947 = Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1950 = Naval Ensign of India (1950–2001).svg
| flag alias-naval-2001 = Naval Ensign of India (2001–2004).svg
| flag alias-naval-2004 = Naval Ensign of India (2004–2014).svg
| flag alias-naval-2014 = Naval Ensign of India (2014–2022).svg
| flag alias-naval-2022 = Naval Ensign of India (2022).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of India.svg
| flag alias-air force-1950 = Air Force Ensign of India (1950–2023).svg
| flag alias-air force = Air Force Ensign of India (2023).svg
| flag alias-coast guard = Indian Coast Guard flag.svg
| link alias-coast guard = Indian Coast Guard
| link alias-naval = Indian Navy
| link alias-air force = Indian Air Force
| flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of India.svg
| link alias-navy = Indian Navy
| flag alias-military = Indian Armed Forces.svg
| link alias-military = Indian Armed Forces
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1880
| var2 = British
| var3= 1931
| var4 = civil
| var5 = naval-1879
| var6 = naval-1884
| var7 = naval-1928
| var8 = naval-1947
| var9 = naval-1950
| var10 = naval-2001
| var11 = naval-2004
| var12 = naval-2014
| var13 = naval-2022
| var14 = air force-1950
| redir1 = IND
| related1 = British Raj
| related2 = Dominion of India
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data China

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = China
| flag alias = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-1862 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg
| border-1862 =
| flag alias-1889 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg
| flag alias-Qing = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg
| flag alias-1912 = Flag of China (1912–1928).svg
| flag alias-1928 = Flag of the Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-military = People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-military = People's Liberation Army
| flag alias-coast guard=Flag of China.svg
| link alias-coast guard=China Coast Guard
| flag alias-army = Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-army = People's Liberation Army Ground Force
| flag alias-marines=Naval ensign of China.svg
| link alias-marines=People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps
| flag alias-navy = Naval ensign of China.svg
| link alias-navy = People's Liberation Army Navy
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of China.svg
| link alias-naval = People's Liberation Army Navy
| flag alias-air force = Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-air force = People's Liberation Army Air Force
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1862
| var2 = 1889
| var3 = 1912
| var4 = 1928
| redir1 = CHN
| redir2 = People's Republic of China
| redir3 = China, People's Republic of
| redir4 = China (People's Republic of)
| redir5 = PRC
| related1 = Qing dynasty
| related2 = Republic of China
| related3 = Republic of China (1912–1949)
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data Bangladesh

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Bangladesh
| flag alias = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
| flag alias-1971 = Flag of Bangladesh (1971).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Bangladesh.svg
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Bangladesh.svg
| flag alias-coast guard=Ensign of the Bangladesh Coast Guard.svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Bangladesh Army.svg
| flag alias-air force = Air Force Ensign of Bangladesh.svg
| flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of Bangladesh.svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1971
| var2 = civil
| redir1 = BGD
| redir2 = BAN
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data US

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

#REDIRECT [[Template:Country data United States]]
[[category:country data redirects|US]]

Template:Country data Switzerland

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Switzerland
| flag alias = Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Switzerland (Pantone).svg
| link alias-army = Swiss Army
| link alias-air force = Swiss Air Force
| size = {{{size|}}}
| size flag alias = 23x16px
| sizebig flag alias = 22px
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = civil
| redir1 = CHE
| redir2 = SUI
| redir3 = CH
| related1 = Helvetic Republic
| related2 = Old Swiss Confederacy
</noinclude>
}}

Template:Country data Spain

2024-04-05T13:55:17Z

Admin: 1 revision imported

{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}}
| alias = Spain
| flag alias = Flag of Spain.svg
| flag alias-1506 = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
| flag alias-1701 = Bandera de España 1701-1748.svg
| flag alias-1748 = Bandera de España 1748-1785.svg
| flag alias-1760 = Bandera de España 1760-1785.svg
| flag alias-1785 = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg
| flag alias-1873 = Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg
| flag alias-1874 = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg
| flag alias-1931 = Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg
| flag alias-civil-1931 = Flag of the Second Spanish Republic (plain).svg
| flag alias-1936 = Bandera del bando nacional 1936-1938.svg
| flag alias-1938 = Flag of Spain (1938–1945).svg
| flag alias-1945 = Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg
| flag alias-1977 = Flag of Spain (1977–1981).svg
| flag alias-civil = Flag of Spain (Civil).svg
| flag alias-civil-1785 = BandMercante1785.svg
| flag alias-navy = Flag of Spain.svg
| link alias-navy = Spanish Navy
| flag alias-marines = Flag of Spain.svg
| link alias-marines = Spanish Marine Infantry
| flag alias-army = Flag of Spain.svg
| link alias-army = Spanish Army
| flag alias-naval = Naval Jack of Spain.svg
| link alias-naval = Spanish Navy
| flag alias-air force = Flag of Spain.svg
| link alias-air force = Spanish Air and Space Force
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
<noinclude>
| var1 = 1506
| var2 = 1701
| var3 = 1748
| var4 = 1760
| var5 = 1785
| var6 = 1873
| var7 = 1874
| var8 = 1931
| var9 = civil-1931
| var10 = 1936
| var11 = 1938
| var12 = 1945
| var13 = 1977
| var14 = civil
| var15 = civil-1785
| redir1 = ESP
| redir2 = SPA
| related1 = Spanish Empire
| related2 = Kingdom of Spain
| related3 = Spanish Republic
| related4 = Spanish State
| related5 = Francoist Spain
</noinclude>
}}